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Andy Warhol (born Andrew Warhola (original surname
of his parents was "Varchola") August 6, 1928
– February 22, 1987) was an United
States|American painter, film-maker, publisher and
a major figure in the pop art movement.

Warhol was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
United States, to immigrants of Rusyns|Ruthenian
ethnicity from the village of Mikova, northeast
Slovakia. He showed early artistic talent and
studied commercial art at the Carnegie Institute
of Technology (now known as Carnegie Mellon
University) in Pittsburgh. Upon graduating in
1949, he moved to New York City and began a
successful career in magazine illustration and
advertising. He became well-known mainly for his
whimsical ink drawings of shoes done in a loose,
blotted style.

In the 1960s, he started to make paintings of
famous American products like Campbell's soup cans
and Coca-Cola. He switched to silkscreen prints,
seeking not only to make art of mass produced
items, but to mass produce the art itself. He
hired and supervised "art workers" engaged in
making prints, shoes, films and other items at his
studio, The Factory, located on Union Square (New
York City)|Union Square in New York City. In the
1970s and 1980s he mainly made prints of famous
people such as Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley.
Iconic figures and famous people are a general
theme in Warhol's work.

==The Factory==    
The Factory, located at 221 East 47th Street in
Manhattan, was Warhol's studio from 1963 to 1967.
It moved to 33 Union Square West at the end of
1967 when the East 47th building was torn down.
The Factory was the hip hangout for artsy types,
amphetamine users, and the Warhol superstars. This
is where Warhol would make his silkscreens. The
interior was covered with tin foil and silver
paint, and silver "clouds" in the shape of large,
helium-filled, pillow-shaped Mylar balloons.
        
The Factory became a meeting place of artists and
would-be artists such as Mick Jagger, Lou Reed,
David Bowie, and Truman Capote. Warhol became the
manager of Reed's influential New York rock and
roll|rock band The Velvet Underground in 1965.
Several of Reed's songs are related to the people
who gathered at The Factory, notably his
best-known solo song Walk on the Wild Side, which
makes reference to several of the superstars.

== Films ==
Besides his influence as a painter, Warhol was
known as a highly proficient filmmaker. Between
1963 and 1968, he made more than sixty films. His
most famous one, Sleep (1963), shows a man (John
Giorno, who had a relationship with Warhol)
sleeping for eight hours. In the 35 minute film
Blow Job (film)|Blow Job (1963), he shows the face
of David Perlman receiving fellatio. Warhol's
character has also been represented in several
motion pictures. He has been portrayed by Crispin
Glover, David Bowie, and Jared Harris, in The
Doors (film)|The Doors, Basquiat, and I Shot Andy
Warhol, respectively. He also appeared as a
bartender in The Cars' music video Hello Again.

== Books and media ==

Warhol "wrote" several books.
*A, a novel (1968, ISBN 0-8021-3553-6) is a
literal transcription -containing spelling errors
and phonetically written background noise and
mumbling- of audio recordings of Ondine and
several of Andy Warhol's friends hanging out at
the factory, talking, going out.
*The Philosophy of Andy Warhol; from A to B and
back again (1975, ISBN 0-15-671720-4) is said to
have been written by his Factory friends, and
describes Andy Warhol's Pop Philosophy in sound
bites and conversations. In the title "from A to B
and back again" refers to daily phone
conversations between "A" Andy Warhol and "B"
Brigid Polk.
*Popism: The Warhol Sixties (1980, ISBN
0-15-672960-1), authored by Warhol and Pat Hackett
is a retrospective view of the sixties and the
role of Pop Art.
*The Andy Warhol Diaries (1989, ISBN
0-446-39138-7, edited by Pat Hackett) is an edited
diary that was dictated by Warhol to Hacket in
daily phone conversations. Warhol started keeping
a diary to keep track of his expenses after being
audited.    
        
Warhol created the fashion magazine Interview
(magazine)|Interview that is still published
today. The loopy title script on the cover is
thought to be either his own handwriting or that
of his mother, Julia Warhola, who would often do
text work for his early commercial pieces.

== Shooting ==
On June 3, 1968, Valerie Solanas, a Factory
regular, entered Warhol's studio and fired three
shots at Warhol, nearly killing him. Although the
first two rounds missed, the third passed through
Warhol's left lung, spleen, stomach, liver,
esophagus and right lung. Solanas then turned the
gun on a companion of Warhol, Mario Amaya,
injuring his thigh. Although Warhol survived these
injuries, he never fully recovered. Solanas later
explained that "he had too much control over my
life." The story of Valerie Solanas was made into
the 1996 movie I Shot Andy Warhol starring Lili
Taylor and directed by Mary Harron.
        
Warhol's friend Lou Reed, for one, never forgave
Solanas for the attack. In 1990 he recorded the
album Songs for Drella with fellow Velvet
Underground alumnus John Cale, which contained the
song "I Believe". In it, Reed sang "I believe/I
would've pulled the switch on her myself." In
other songs on the album, Reed expresses his
regrets about not having paid a lot of attention
to Warhol in the time before his death.

Warhol himself ultimately forgave Solanas and
later satirized the whole event in a subsequent
movie, calling a group similar to Solanas'
S.C.U.M. (Society for Cutting Up Men), P.I.G.
– Politically Involved Girlies.

== Social animal and private person ==
Warhol used to socialize at Serendipity
(nightclub)|Serendipity and Studio 54, nightclubs
in New York City. One of Warhol's favorite pop
bands was Blondie (band)|Blondie; at one of the
shows on their final tour in 1982 he also "fell in
love" with both the music and the pretty looks of
their opening act, Duran Duran. He maintained a
friendship with the band (and especially
keyboardist Nick Rhodes) for many years.

Warhol was generally regarded as quiet and a
meticulous observer or even a voyeur. More than
one person jokingly referred to him as "death
warmed over." He had a keen eye for art in general
and furthered the Duchamp-esque notion that if you
simply point at something and call it "art," it
is. He was openly gay, rare for celebrities of his
stature at the time, and paid tribute to many male
friends and workers in his private art and
collections. A meticulous collector, he organized
almost every piece of paper, fan mail—after
taking off the stamps—and magazine related
to his fame along with personal notes, gay
pornography and found artifacts into hundreds of
numbered boxes and set them aside, never to open
them again. Warhol referred to these boxes as his
"time capsule". Many exist today and are available
for research at his Pittsburgh museum.

Warhol would regularly volunteer at the homeless
shelters in New York, particularly during the
busier times of the year. He described himself as
a religious person, not fully accepted by religion
because of his homosexuality. Many of his works
contain almost hidden religious themes or
subjects.

Warhol died in New York City following routine
gall bladder surgery at the age of 58. Warhol was
afraid of hospitals and doctors, so he delayed
having his recurring gall bladder problems
checked.

He is interred at St. John the Baptist Catholic
Cemetery south of Pittsburgh. Fellow artist Yoko
Ono was among the speakers at his funeral.

After his death it took Sotheby's several days to
auction his estate, for a total gross amount of
over 20 million dollars.

Outside of the art world, Andy Warhol is best
known for saying that "In the future, everyone
will be world famous for 15 minutes of fame|15
minutes." Over the course of his lifetime the
phrase became popular enough to enter the public
space. He later told reporters, humorously, "My
new line is, 'In fifteen minutes everybody will be
famous.'"

== Museums ==
The Andy Warhol Museum is located in the North
Shore district of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is
the largest American art museum dedicated to a
single artist, holding more than 4,000 works by
the artist himself.

Among others, Andy's brother, John Warhola, and
the Warhol Foundation in New York, established in
1991 the Warhol Family Museum of Modern Art in the
remote town of Medzilaborce, Slovakia. Andy's
mother, Julia Warhola, was born 15 kilometres away
in the village Mikova. The museum houses several
originals donated mainly by the Andy Warhol
Foundation in New York and also personal items
donated by Warhol's relatives.

==Filmography==
* L'Amour (1972)
* Blue Movie (1969)
* Lonesome Cowboys (1969)
* San Diego Surf (1968)
* The Loves of Ondine (1968)
* The Andy Warhol Story (1967)
* Tiger Morse (1967)
* Four Stars (1967)
* Imitation of Christ (1967)
* Nude Restaurant, The (1967)
* Bike Boy (1967)
* I, a Man (1967)
* Ari and Mario (1966)
* Hedy (1966)
* Kiss the Boot (1966)
* Milk (1966)
* Salvador Dalí (film)|Salvador Dalí (1966)
* Shower (1966)
* Sunset (1966)
* Superboy (1966)
* Closet, The (1966)
* Chelsea Girls (1966)
* Beard, The (1966)
* More Milk, Evette (1966)
* Outer and Inner Space (1966)
* Velvet Underground and Nico, The (1966)
* Beauty #2 (1965)
* Bitch (1965)
* Camp (1965)
* Harlot (1965)
* Horse (1965)
* Kitchen (1965)
* The Life of Juanita Castro (1965)
* My Hustler (1965)
* Poor Little Rich Girl (1965)
* Restaurant (1965)
* Space (1965)
* Taylor Mead's Ass (1965)
* Vinyl (1965)
* Screen Test (1965)
* Screen Test #2 (1965)
* 13 Most Beautiful Women (1964)
* Batman Dracula (1964)
* Clockwork (1964)
* Couch (film, 1964)|Couch (1964)
* Drunk (1964)
* Empire (1964 film)|Empire (1964)
* The End of Dawn (1964)
* Lips (1964)
* Mario Banana I (1964)
* Mario Banana II (1964)
* Messy Lives (1964)
* Naomi and Rufus Kiss (1964)
* Tarzan and Jane Regained... Sort of (1964)
* Thirteen Most Beautiful Boys, The (1964)
* Blow Job (1963)
* Eat (1963)
* Haircut (1963)
* Kiss (film, 1963)|Kiss (1963)
* Naomi's Birthday Party (1963)
* Sleep (1963)
* Tootsie (1982)

== External links ==

commons|Andy_Warhol
* http://www.warholfoundation.org/ Warhol
Foundation in New York, New York.
* http://www.warhol.org/ The Andy Warhol Museum in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
*
http://www.artinthepicture.com/artists/Andy_Warhol
/ Artinthepicture.com: Andy Warhol A general
introduction, biography, quotes, and art works by
the Pop Art Icon.
* http://www.artquotes.net/masters/warhol-andy.htm
Andy Warhol Profile Includes a biography,
selection of images, famous quotes, and links to
the artist.
*
http://www.diacenter.org/permcoll/warhol/warhol.ht
ml Dia Center for the Arts, Warhol's works in the
permanent collection
*
http://x-traonline.org/vol5_1/warhol_responses.htm
l Two short articles about Warhol's 2002 museum
retrospective from the art magazine "X-Tra"
*
http://www.artfacts.net/index.php/pageType/artistI
nfo/artist/328 Actual exhibitions with Andy Warhol
on Artfacts Andy Warhol's works are still widely
at present in various shows and permanent
collections in museums or galleries throughout the
world.
* http://www.the3graces.info/random_warhol.htm
http://www.the3graces.info A warholesque biography
of Andy Warhol.
*
http://www.doubletakeart.com/cgi-bin/dtg/dtg.psear
ch?a1=00594 Doubletake Gallery Online Catalog of
Limited Editions
* http://www.luxlux.com/index.php?cPath=42 A
warehouse full of official timepieces with Andy
Warhol's art