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Image:AntonGRubinstein.jpg|right|framed|Anton
Rubinstein

Anton Grigorevich Rubinstein
(Анто́н
Григо́р&#
1100;евич
Рубиншт&
#1077;́йн) (November 28, 1829
– November 20, 1894) was a Russian pianist,
composer and Conducting|conductor. As a pianist,
he was regarded as a rival to Franz Liszt and has
been described by historians as one of the
greatest virtuosos in history.

==Life==

Rubinstein was born in Vikhvatinets, probably in
the same year as Hans von Bulow|von Bulow and
Theodor Leschetizky|Leschetizky (1830). He learned
the piano from an early age, and made his first
public appearance at the age of nine. He was taken
to Paris, and then to Berlin, where he studied
composition. He then moved to Vienna, where he
briefly taught, before returning to Russia in 1848
where he worked as a musician to the sister-in-law
of the Tsar.

He began to tour again as a pianist in the late
1850s, before settling in Saint Petersburg|St.
Petersburg, where in 1862 he founded the St.
Petersburg Conservatory, the first music school in
Russia. He took a teaching post there, instructing
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky amongst others. He also
continued to make tours as a pianist, and spent a
short stint teaching in Dresden towards the end of
his life.

Rubinstein died in Peterhof, having suffered from
heart disease for some time.

==Composition==
Image:rubinstein_repin.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Rubins
tein's portrait by Ilya Repin.

Rubinstein was a prolific composer, writing no
less than twenty operas (notably Demon, written
after one of Lermontov's Romantic poems), five
piano concertos, six symphony|symphonies and a
large number of solo piano works along with a
substantial output of works for chamber ensemble,
two concertos for violoncello concerto|cello and
one for violin concerto|violin, free-standing
orchestral works and tone poems (including one
entitled Don Quixote).

Rubinstein was quite a widely performed composer
in his lifetime, but following his death, his
works were largely ignored. Some have suggested
that this was due to the anti-semitism prevalent
at that time in Germany, the musical hub of
Europe. However, Rubinstein did not practice any
religion at all (except for pantheism late in his
life), and so anti-semitism could not apply (at
least in any type of "religious" sense). It has
also been suggested that he suffered because he
did not belong to any particular music "camp": his
music demonstrates none of the nationalism of The
Mighty Handful|The Five, and in fact he spoke out
against Russian nationalism, leading to arguments
with Mily Balakirev. He was also not much
influenced by Richard Wagner, whose work was held
in very high regard at the end of the 19th
century. His music is more often compared to
Frederic Chopin and Robert Schumann, who were both
seen as somewhat old-fashioned at the time of
Rubinstein's death.

Towards the end of the 20th century, his work has
been performed a little more often, and has often
met with positive criticism. Rubinstein's pieces
remain somewhat obscure for the time being,
however. Amongst his slightly better known works
as the opera The Demon, his Piano Concerto No. 4,
and his Symphony No. 2, known as The Ocean.

==Other==

Anton Rubinstein was the brother of the pianist
and composer Nikolai Rubinstein, but was no
relation to the 20th century pianist, Arthur
Rubinstein.

==Selected Worklist==

*Symphonies
**Symphony opus number|opus 40, in F major
**Symphony opus 42, in C major Ocean
**Symphony opus 56, in A
**Symphony opus 95 in D minor Dramatic
**Symphony opus 107, in G minor
**Symphony opus 111, in A minor
*Assorted orchestral works
**Triumphal Overture, opus 43
**Ivan IV, opus 79
**Don Quixote, opus 87
**Eroica, opus 110
**Suite, opus 119
*Concertos
**Violin Concerto opus 46, in G
**Violoncello Concerto opus 65 in A minor
**Violoncello Concerto opus 96, in D minor
**Piano Concertos
***Piano Concerto opus 25 in E minor
***Piano Concerto opus 35 in F major
***Piano Concerto opus 45 in G major
***Piano Concerto No. 4 (Rubinstein)|Piano
Concerto opus 70 in D minor
***Fantasy for piano with or without orch opus 84
in C
***Piano Concerto opus 94 in E-flat major
***Concertstuck opus 113 in A-flat major
*Chamber works in order of number of instruments
**Sonata for Piano opus 12 in E minor
**Sonata for Piano opus 20 in C minor
**Sonata for Piano opus 41 in F major
**Sonata for Piano opus 100 in A minor
**Sonata for Piano Four-Hands opus 89
**Sonata for Violin and Piano opus 13 in G major
**Sonata for Violin and Piano opus 19 in A minor
**Sonata for Violin and Piano opus 98 in B minor
**Sonata for Viola and Piano opus 49 in F minor
**Sonata for Cello and Piano opus 18 in D major
**Sonata for Cello and Piano opus 39 in G major
**Piano Trio opus 15 number 1 in F
**Piano Trio opus 15 number 2 in G minor
**Piano Trio opus 52 in B-flat major
**Piano Trio opus 85 in A major
**Piano Trio opus 108 in C minor
**Quartet for Piano and Strings opus 66
**Quintet for Piano and Winds opus 55 in F major
**Quintet for Piano and Strings opus 99 in G minor
**Quintet for Strings opus 59 in F major (arranged
also as Piano Quartet)
**Sextet for Strings opus 97 in D major
**Octet opus 9 for piano, strings and winds (from
a first attempt at a piano concerto and entitled
Concerto di camera)
**String quartets
***Three quartets, opus 17 (in G major, C minor
and F major. First two recorded, slow movement of
op. 17 no. 2 nicknamed Music of the Spheres and
had a recording in the first decades of the 20th
century also.)
***Three quartets, opus 47 (in E minor, B flat
major, and D minor)
***Two quartets, opus 90
***Two quartets, opus 106 (in A flat major and F
minor)
*Assorted piano works
**Album de Peterhof, op. 75
**Kamennoi-Ostrow (sp?), Cloister scene, op. 10
no. 22
**Melody in F, op. 3 no. 1
**Ondine (étude), op. 1
**Six soirees á Saint-Petersburg, op. 44
*Operas
**The Demon
**Feramors
**Lost Paradise, op. 54
**The Song of the Merchant
Kalashnikov|Kalaschnikoff, der Kaufman von Moskau
**The Maccabees
**Nero
**Sulamith
**The Tower of Babel, op. 80
**Unter Räubern

==External link==
*http://members.chello.nl/mvpaasse/rubinstein.htm
Some information Anton Rubinstein