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William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson
Blythe III  on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd
President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.
He was only the second president to be
impeachment|impeached. Like Andrew Johnson, the
17th president, he too was aquitted by the United
States Senate|U.S. Senate. Before his presidency,
Clinton served five terms as the Governor of
Arkansas|Governor of Arkansas.  His wife, former
First Lady of the United States|first lady Hillary
Rodham Clinton, is currently a junior first-term
U.S. Senator from New York and is widely believed
to be a candidate for President in the U.S.
presidential election, 2008|2008 Presidential
election.

Generally regarded as a member of the moderate New
Democrat wing of the Democratic Party (United
States)|Democratic Party, he headed the centrist
Democratic Leadership Council from 1990 to 1991
http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0812580.htm
l. His political style is generally described as
moderate. During his tenure as president, his
domestic priorities included legislation to
upgrade education, to restrict handgun sales, to
strengthen environmentalism|environmental
regulations, and to protect the jobs of
individuals who need to take leave for pregnancy
or a serious medical condition. Foreign relations
of the United States|Internationally, his
priorities included NAFTA|reducing trade barriers
and mediating the Northern Ireland and
Israeli-Palestinian conflicts. In an effort to
appeal to conservatives, his domestic priorities
included expanding the "War on Drugs" and the
capital punishment|death penalty, and in 1996 his
administration unilaterally vetoed the
reappointment of United Nations Secretary General
Boutros Boutros-Ghali.

TOCleft

He was the third youngest president, and the first
of the Post-WW2 baby boom|baby boomer generation.
As such, his assumption of office marked a
generational shift from the earlier presidents who
were mostly World War II veterans and had
experienced the start of the Cold War in the
1950s. 

His tenure was marked by an adversarial
relationship with the Republican Party (United
States)|Republican-controlled Congress of the
United States|U.S. Congress. He was also the
subject of a series of independent counsel
investigations by Congress such as Whitewater
scandal|Whitewater, where several of his
associates were indicted on charges unrelated to
the Clintons themselves. Clinton was subsequently
found innocent of all wrongdoing in the Whitewater
scandal. He became the second president to be
impeached, on charges of perjury and obstruction
of justice before a grand jury for his handling of
his Lewinsky scandal|personal affair with Monica
Lewinsky, but he was acquitted by the Senate. 

He was elected twice with the highest percentage
of the popular vote among the candidates, but
never with a general majority due to the strong
showing of a third candidate (Ross Perot) at the
polls. Characteristics of the period during his
administration included the longest economic boom
in U.S. history, which subsequently ended shortly
after George W. Bush took office, possibly
indicative of a stock market bubble; a NATO
peacekeeping operation with the Kosovo Conflict;
and presiding over a shift from a budget deficit
of around $250 billion to a budget surplus of
around $523 billion from the beginning of his
presidency to the end of his term
http://www.uuforum.org/deficit.htm.

Clinton's job approval rating varied dramatically
over the course of his presidency, with a low of
about 40% during his first year and a high of
about 70% approval during impeachment proceedings
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/events/clinton_un
der_fire/latest_news/newsid_238000/238677.stm. A
CNN/USA TODAY/Gallup
pollhttp://archives.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/stori
es/01/10/cnn.poll.clinton/ conducted as he was
leaving office revealed deeply contradictory
attitudes regarding Clinton. Although his approval
rating at 65 percent was higher than any departing
president since polling began more than seven
decades earlier, only 45 percent said they would
miss him. While 55 percent thought he "would have
something worthwhile to contribute and should
remain active in public life", and 47 percent
rated him as either outstanding or above average
as a president, 68 percent thought he would be
remembered for his "involvement in personal
scandal" rather than his accomplishments as
president, and 58 percent answered "No" to the
question "Do you generally think Bill Clinton is
honest and trustworthy?" 47% of the respondents
identified themselves as being Clinton supporters.

==Early life==
Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III 
in Hope, Arkansas and raised in Hot Springs,
Arkansas. He was named after his father, William
Jefferson Blythe Jr., a travelling salesman who
had been killed in a car accident in Scott County,
Missouri between the towns of Sikeston and Morley
just three months before his son was born. His
mother, born Virginia Dell Cassidy, remarried in
1950 to  Roger Clinton, Sr.|Roger Clinton.  Billy,
as he was called, was raised by his mother and
stepfather, using the last name "Clinton"
throughout elementary school, but not formally
changing it until he was 14. Clinton grew up in a
traditional nuclear, albeit blended, family,
however his stepfather was a gambler and alcoholic
who regularly abused Clinton's mother, and
sometimes Clinton's half brother Roger, Jr.

==Arkansas political career and education==
Clinton attended the Edmund A. Walsh School of
Foreign Service at Georgetown University in
Washington DC, where he became a brother of Alpha
Phi Omega, worked for Senator  J. William
Fulbright and won a prestigious Rhodes Scholarship
to the University of Oxford in England. After
Oxford, Clinton attended and graduated from Yale
Law School, where he met his future wife,
classmate Hillary Rodham.



Clinton taught law at the University of Arkansas
for a few years. During this time, he ran for the
United States House of Representatives|House of
Representatives in 1974 against Congressman John
Paul Hammerschmidt. Clinton lost the election by
over 6,000 votes. After his teaching stint,
Clinton was elected Attorney General of Arkansas
in 1976. Bill Clinton was first elected Governor
of Arkansas|governor of the state of Arkansas in
1978, when at the time he was the youngest state
governor in the United States, and the youngest to
be elected to a state governorship since 1938. His
first term was fraught with difficulties,
including an unpopular motor vehicle tax and
popular anger over the escape of Cuban prisoners
(from the Mariel boatlift) detained in Fort Chafee
in 1980. 

Furthermore, Hillary Rodham's decision to keep her
maiden name while Arkansas' First Lady raised many
eyebrows in the traditionally conservative state.
Eventually, Hillary took her husband's surname and
adopted a more traditional public role as a
political wife, while quietly establishing herself
as a political force in her own right through her
skills as an lawyer|attorney.

After Clinton's first term, he was defeated by
United States Republican Party|Republican
challenger Frank D. White in 1980. As he once
joked, he was the youngest ex-governor in the
nation's history. However, in the next election,
Clinton was elected governor again in 1982 for
four consecutive terms until 1992, when he took
the office of the President.  In 1984, Clinton
succeeded in amending the governor's term from 2
years to 4 years.

Clinton's business-friendly approach mollified
conservative criticism during his terms as
governor. However, several deals the Clintons made
during this period led to the Whitewater
scandal|Whitewater investigation, which dogged his
later presidential administration.

==Presidency==

Clinton's first major foray into national politics
occurred when he was enlisted to speak at the 1988
Democratic National Convention, introducing
candidate Michael Dukakis. Clinton's address,
scheduled to last 15 minutes, became a debacle as
Clinton gave a notoriously dull speech that lasted
over half an hour (he joked about the length of
this speech at the 1992 convention)
http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/0
8/15/potus.speech/. Clinton's subsequent
appearance on The Tonight Show to diffuse the
criticism was perceived by Associated Press as a
"stunning comeback" from his convention television
appearance. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6504289/

Four years later, Clinton prepared for a run in
1992 against incumbent President George H. W.
Bush. In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War,
Bush seemed unbeatable, and several potential
Democratic candidates — notably Governor of
New York|New York Governor Mario Cuomo —
passed on what seemed to be a lost cause. 
Positioning himself as a straight-talking
everyman, Clinton handily won the United States
Democratic Party|Democratic Party's nomination.

Clinton chose United States Senate|U.S. Senator Al
Gore|Albert A. Gore Jr. (United States Democratic
Party|D-Tennessee) to be his running mate on July
9, 1992. Initially this decision sparked criticism
from strategists due to the fact that Gore was
from Clinton's neighboring state of Tennessee.  
In retrospect, many now view Gore as a helpful
factor in the successful 1992 campaign.

Clinton's opponents raised various character
issues during the campaign, including his
avoidance of military service during the Vietnam
War, and his response to a question about past
marijuana use, in which he claimed he smoked, but
"didn't inhale." Allegations of womanizing and
shady business deals also were raised. While none
of these alleged flaws led to Clinton's defeat,
they did fuel unusually vehement opposition to
Clinton among many conservatives from the very
beginning of his presidency. 

Bill Clinton presidential campaign, 1992|Clinton's
campaign was successful. Clinton won the U.S.
presidential election, 1992|1992 presidential
election (42.9% of the vote) against Republican
George H. W. Bush (37.4% of the vote) and
independent candidate Ross Perot|H. Ross Perot
(18.9% of the vote), largely on a platform
focusing on domestic issues, notably the Late
1980s recession|economic recession of the
pre-election period — using the James
Carville-created line "It's the economy, stupid!" 
A large portion of his success was due to George
H.W. Bush's steep decline in public approval. 
Previously described as "unbeatable" due to his
approval ratings in the 80 percent range, Bush
managed to halve his approval rating to just over
40% come election time.  In his last question of
the final Presidential debate, Clinton's opponent
had to explain why his approval rating had been
cut in half: 

:REPORTER: Mr. President, why have you dropped so
dramatically in the leadership polls, from the
high 80s to the 40s? And you have said that you
will do anything you have to do to get reelected.
What can you do in two weeks to win reelection? 
:PRESIDENT BUSH: Well, I think the answer to why
the drop, I think, has been the economy in the
doldrums. Why I'll win is: I think I have the best
plan of the three of us up here to do something
about it.

Clinton was the first Democrat to serve two full
terms as president since Franklin D. Roosevelt,
though he is the first president since John
Kennedy to have never achieved a majority of the
popular vote, due to strong showing by third party
candidates. His election ended an era in which the
Republican party had controlled the presidency for
12 consecutive years, and for 20 of the previous
24 years. That election also brought the Democrats
full control of the political branches of the
federal government, including both houses of
Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress as
well as the presidency, for the first time since
the administration of the last Democratic
president, Jimmy Carter.

Clinton's first act as president was to sign
executive order 12834 (entitled "Ethics
Commitments by Executive Branch Appointees"),
which placed substantial restrictions upon the
ability of his senior political appointees to
lobbying|lobby their colleagues after they leave
office.  Clinton rescinded the order shortly
before he left office in executive order 13184 of
December 28, 2000.



Shortly after taking office, Clinton fulfilled a
campaign promise by signing the Family and Medical
Leave Act of 1993, which required large employers
to allow their employees to take unpaid leave
because of pregnancy or serious medical condition.
While this action was popular, Clinton's initial
reluctance to fulfill another campaign promise
relating to the acceptance of openly gay members
of the military garnered criticism from both the
left (for being too tentative in promoting gay
rights) and the right (for being too insensitive
to military life). After much debate, Clinton
implemented the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy,
which officially remains in effect.

The most important item on Clinton's legislative
agenda, however, was Clinton health care plan|a
complex health care reform plan, the result of a
taskforce headed by Hillary Clinton, aimed at
achieving universal coverage. Though initially
well-received, it was ultimately doomed by
well-organized opposition from conservatives and
the health insurance industry, who urged Americans
to read the actual details of the plan. It was the
first major legislative defeat of Clinton's
administration.

The First Lady played an active role in helping
Clinton form policy.  His two best friends and
most loyal supporters, Democratic spin doctors
Paul Begala and James Carville, could often be
seen defending his policies in Washington and the
mass media|media.

After two years of Democratic party control under
Clinton's leadership, the U.S. House election,
1994|mid-term elections in 1994 proved disastrous
for the Democrats. They lost control of both
houses of Congress for the first time in 40 years,
in large part due to stalled legislation,
including a failed attempt to create a
comprehensive health care system under a plan
developed by the First Lady Hillary Rodham
Clinton. 



After the 1994 election, the spotlight shifted to
the Contract with America spearheaded by Speaker
of the United States House of
Representatives|Speaker of the House Newt
Gingrich. The Republican-controlled Congress and
Clinton sparred over the budget, resulting in a
government shutdown due to the inability of
Clinton and the Republican-controlled Congress to
come to an agreement.

In the U.S. presidential election, 1996|1996
presidential election, Clinton was re-elected
receiving 49.2% of the popular vote over
Republican Bob Dole (40.7% of the popular vote)
and Reform Party USA|Reform candidate Ross Perot
(8.4% of the popular vote), while the Republicans
retained control of the Congress losing but a few
seats.

Clinton developed a close working relationship
with Tony Blair, the Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom, when he was elected in 1997.

In 1999, through Clinton's and the Congress's
efforts, the United States had a federal budget
surplus for the first time since 1969.

He took a personal interest in The Troubles in
Northern Ireland and paid three visits there while
he was president in order to encourage peace. His
involvement set in motion the process that led to
the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA)
commencing disarmament on October 23, 2001.

In 2002, a UPI story stated that documents
discovered in Afghanistan showed that al-Qaeda may
have plotted to kill Clinton toward the end of his
term.http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=04022002-
082828-8434r

===Legislation and programs===

====Major legislation signed====
* February 5, 1993 - FMLA|The Family and Medical
Leave Act of 1993 
* August 10, 1993 - Omnibus Budget Reconciliation
Act of 1993 - Adjusted taxes; income tax, top
rate: 39.6%; corporate tax: 35%
* September 21, 1993 - creation of the AmeriCorps
volunteer program
* November 30, 1993 - Brady Handgun Violence
Prevention Act|Brady Bill
* September 13, 1994 - Violent Crime Control and
Law Enforcement Act, part of an omnibus crime
bill, the federal capital punishment|death penalty
was expanded to some 60 different offenses (see
Federal assault weapons ban)
* 1995 - Executive Order 12958, created tough new
standards for the process of classifying
documents.
* February 1, 1996 - Communications Decency Act
* February 8, 1996 - Telecom Reform Act:
eliminated major ownership restrictions for radio
and television groups.
* February 26, 1996 - Personal Responsibility and
Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, a welfare
reform bill
* March 14, 1996 - authorized $100 million
anti-terrorism agreement with Israel to track down
and root out terrorists.
* April 9, 1996 - Line Item Veto Act of 1996|Line
Item Veto Act
* April 24, 1996 - Anti-Terrorism and Effective
Death Penalty Act
* August 20, 1996 - Minimum wage Increase Act
* September 21, 1996 - Defense of Marriage Act,
allowed states the power to refuse to recognize
gay marriages granted in other states, among other
things
* August 5, 1997 - Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997
* October 28, 1998 - Digital Millennium Copyright
Act
* October 31, 1998 - Iraq Liberation Act

====Major legislation vetoed====
* United States budget process|national budget
* H.R. 1833, partial birth abortion ban
* Twice vetoed welfare reform before signing
* the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. 
Congress overrode the veto, however, to enact the
bill into law.

====Proposals not passed by Congress====
* Clinton health care plan|Health care reform
* Campaign finance reform (1993)

====Initiatives====
* Appointed a committee on Social Security (United
States)|Social Security Reform and then dismissed
their recommendations without ever proposing
legislation.
* Tried to get Ehud Barak of Israel and Yasser
Arafat of the Palestinian National Authority, to
agree to a final Israeli-Palestinian
conflict|settlement agreement.
* Initiated the Don't ask, don't tell policy
toward gays in the military, 1993.
* Reversed a ban on senior Sinn Féin politicians
entering the U.S.
* Proposed a national challenge to end the racial
divide in America, the One America Initiative.
* Extraordinary rendition, or "torture by proxy"
got approval for the first time in the USA from
the Clinton administration.

=== Cabinet ===

===Supreme Court appointments===
Clinton appointed the following justices to the
Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court:
* Ruth Bader Ginsburg - 1993
* Stephen Breyer - 1994

===The economy===
During Clinton's tenure, the U.S. enjoyed
continuous economic expansion, reductions in
unemployment, and growing wealth through a massive
rise in the stock market. Although the reasons for
the expansion are continually debated, Clinton
proudly pointed to a number of economic
accomplishments, including:

* More than 22 million new jobs
* Homeownership rate increase from 64.0% to 67.5%
* Lowest unemployment in 30 years
* Higher incomes at all levels
* Largest budget deficit in American history
converted to the largest surplus of over $200
billion  
* Lowest government spending as a percentage of
GDP since 1974
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy00/guide04.htm
l
* Higher stock ownership by families than ever
before

The reasons for this growth are hotly debated, but
many cite his Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of
1993|1993 tax increase which is generally
acknowledged to have reduced the deficit, which in
turn lowered interest rates, which spured
comsumption and consumer spending. Alan Greenspan
supported this plan, which was approved by
Congress without one Republican vote
http://www.dickinson.edu/~rudaleva/greenspan.htm.
His critics credit solely Alan Greenspan, the
Republican Congress' 1995 spending cuts, the
Contract with America initiatives, or even Ronald
Reagan's Kemp-Roth Tax Cut|1981 tax cut during the
1980's.http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/conten
t/04_25/b3888032_mz011.htm

===Trade===
The Clinton administration used the WTO Agreement
on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights thirteen times
and prevailed in the WTO thirteen times
(http://www.onpointradio.org/shows/2005/07/2005072
5_b_main.asp audio 12:40-16:30).

===Foreign policy===

Clinton deployed the U.S. military several times
under hostile circumstances.  In 1993, U.S. troops
fought the Battle of Mogadishu attempting to
capture local warlord  Mohamed Farrah Aidid in
Somalia. In 1994, Clinton sent U.S. troops into
Haiti to restore Jean-Bertrand Aristide as
president, ending a period of intense violence.
Aristide, who had been elected, had been ousted in
a coup just seven months into his term in 1991. 
Clinton also committed troops twice in the
former-Yugoslavia to stop ethnic violence, most
notably in Kosovo.  In addition, Clinton launched
military strikes on Iraq several times to punish
violations of UN sanctions and an attempt to have
former President George H. W. Bush assassinated.
However, because he was scarred by the U.S. defeat
and humiliation in Somalia, he refused to get the
U.S. involved in the Rwandan genocide. 

In 1994, Clinton negotiated and signed the Nuclear
Accords with North Korea.  The underlying concern
was that North Korea was developing nuclear
weapons technology under the guise of a nuclear
power plant.  In exchange for assistance with
energy needs, North Korea agreed to abandon all
ambitions for acquiring nuclear weapons. However,
by the mid 1990s defectors from North Korea, along
with reports from the IAEA, indicated that North
Korea was violating both the Nuclear Accords and
the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.  In
December, 2002, North Korea expelled IAEA
inspectors from its Yongbyon nuclear facility, and
announced (privately in 2003 and publicly in
2005), that they possessed nuclear weapons.

After his presidency, Clinton identified his
proudest foreign policy accomplishments as
mediating peace talks between Israel and
Palestine, resulting in the Oslo Accords (1993). 
Subsequent events, including the collapse of the
2000 Camp David Summit and the commencement of the
al-Aqsa Intifada, resulted in the Oslo Accords
being widely discredited within Israel and in
various Palestinian factions by 2004.

Clinton identified his major foreign policy
failure as lack of response to the 1994 genocide
in Rwanda. Along with the United Nations, the
Clinton administration initially did not publicly
acknowledge that genocide was occurring.

In the wake of post-9/11 investigations into
intelligence failures, critics have criticized the
Clinton Administration for ignoring evidence and
refusing to take action on intelligence that
pointed to the locations of both Osama bin Laden
and Mohammed Atta years before the attacks.  See
also Able Danger and
http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/08/19/taliban.documents
/index.html U.S., Taliban Bargained over bin
Laden.


====Criticisms of foreign policy====

=====Attack on Yugoslavia=====
Some critics have accused Clinton of leading the
United States to war with Kosovo under the false
pretense of genocide ref|Farah. Others have
accused him, and his administration, of inflating
the number of Kosovar|Kosovar Albanians killed by
Serbiansref|Schlafly. Clinton's Secretary of
Defense William Cohen, giving a speech, said, "The
appalling accounts of mass killing in Kosovo and
the pictures of refugees fleeing Serb oppression
for their lives makes it clear that this is a
fight for justice over genocide ref|Cohen." On
CBS' Face the Nation Cohen claimed, "We've now
seen about 100,000 military-aged men
missing...They may have been murderedref|Doggett."
Clinton, citing the same figure, spoke of "at
least 100,000 (Kosovar Albanians)
missingref|Clinton1". Later, talking about Serbian
elections, Clinton said, "they're going to have to
come to grips with what Mr. Milošević ordered in
Kosovo...They're going to have to decide whether
they support his leadership or not; whether they
think it's OK that all those tens of thousands of
people were killed...ref|Clinton2". Clinton also
claimed, in the same press conference, that "NATO
stopped deliberate, systematic efforts at ethnic
cleansing and genocideref|Clinton3." Clinton even
compared the events of Kosovo to the Holocaust.
CNN reported, "Accusing Serbia of 'ethnic
cleansing' in Kosovo similar to the genocide of
Jews in World War II, an impassioned President
Clinton sought Tuesday to rally public support for
his decision to send U.S. forces into combat
against Yugoslavia, a prospect that seemed
increasingly likely with the breakdown of a
diplomatic peace effortref|CNN." Clinton's State
Department also claimed Serbian troops had
committed genocide. The New York Times reported,
"the Administration said evidence of 'genocide' by
Serbian forces was growing to include 'abhorrent
and criminal action' on a vast scale. The language
was the State Department's strongest yet in
denouncing Yugoslav President Slobodan
Miloševićref|Clines." The State Department also
gave the highest estimate of dead Albanians. The
New York Times reported, "On April 19, the State
Department said that up to 500,000 Kosovar
Albanians were missing and feared
deadref|Erlanger."

However, the numbers given by Clinton and his
administration have been proven false. The
official NATO body count of the events in Kosovo
was 2,788 (not all of them were war crimes
victims)ref|Pilger, with Slobodan Milošević
charged with the "murders of about 600
individually identified ethnic Albaniansref|BBC".
Critics have noted that these numbers can not be
considered genocide. The headline of The Wall
Street Journal, which had launched an
investigation into whether genocide had occurred
in Kosovo, on December 31, 1999 was "War in Kosovo
Was Cruel, Bitter, Savage; Genocide It
Wasn't"ref|Pearl. The Wall Street Journal wrote,
"the U.N.'s International War Criminal tribunal
has checked the largest reported sites first, and
found most to contain no more than five bodies,
suggesting intimate acts of barbarity rather than
mass murder... Kosovo would be easier to
investigate if it had the huge killing fields some
investigators were led to expect. Instead, the
pattern is of scattered killingsref|Pearl2."

In addition, a United Nations Court had previously
ruled that Serbian troops did not commit genocide
against Albanians. The court wrote "the exactions
committed by Milošević's regime cannot be
qualified as criminal acts of genocide, since
their purpose was not the destruction of the
Albanian ethnic groupref|BBC2". According to BBC,
"the decision was based on the 1948 Geneva
convention which defines genocide as the intent
'to destroy, in whole or in part, a national,
ethnic, racial or religious group as
such'ref|BBC3". Milošević was not charged with
genocide in Kosovo by the International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) but the
more broader "crimes against humanity"ref|ICTY.
Spanish forensic surgeon Emilio Perez Pujol, who
led the Spanish forensics|forensic team in Kosovo,
gave an interview to the British paper The Sunday
Times. The paper wrote, "In an outspoken
interview, Pujol complained he had been sent to
head a large investigation team attached to the
ICTY, consisting of pathologists and police
specialists, to work in the north of the country.
But he found that what was publicised as a search
for mass graves was 'a semantic pirouette by the
war propaganda machines, because we did not find
one—not one—mass grave.'ref|Swain".

Others have called Clinton a war criminal for the
Kosovo War#The NATO bombing campaign|NATO bombing
campaign during the Kosovo war. In the
aforementioned article, The Wall Street Journal
wrote, "As the war dragged on…NATO saw a
fatigued press corps drifting toward the
contrarian story: civilians killed by NATO's
bombs. NATO stepped up its claims about Serb
'killing fields'." The actual number of civilian
deaths is debated, with the numbers as high as
5,700 claimed by Yugoslavia, and with NATO
acknowledging it killed, at most, 1,500 civilians.
Critics note that there were more civilian deaths
caused by NATO than the amount of deaths
Milošević was charged with.

=====Iraq=====
Some people believe that Clinton's continuation of
economic sanctions against Iraq caused civilian
deaths. Reason (magazine)|Reason magazine studied
the sanctions and concluded, "It seems awfully
hard not to conclude that the embargo on Iraq has
been ineffective (especially since 1998) and that
it has, at the least, contributed to more than
100,000 deaths since 1990."
http://www.reason.com/0203/fe.mw.the.shtml

Critics also contend that Bill Clinton misled the
public on matters of foreign policy another time
when he made the claim that Iraq had weapons of
mass destruction. He made the following statement
to the Joint Chiefs of Staff on February 17, 1998:

:"In the next century, the community of nations
may see more and more the very kind of threat Iraq
poses now a rogue state with weapons of mass
destruction ready to use them or provide them to
terrorists, drug traffickers or organized
criminals who travel the world among us unnoticed.

:If we fail to respond today, Saddam and all those
who would follow in his footsteps will be
emboldened tomorrow by the knowledge that they can
act with impunity, even in the face of a clear
message from the United Nations Security Council
and clear evidence of a weapons of mass
destruction program
http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/02/17/transcri
pts/clinton.iraq/."

=====Israeli-Palestinian conflict=====
Many conservatives also felt that he treated the
Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement in the wrong
manner. Many felt that he elevated the stature of
Yasser Arafat (many believed he was a terrorist)
to that of a world leader and asked Israel for too
many concessions—and not enough from Arafat.
 Many people, including many Israelis, believe
that Clinton's main goal behind his attempts at
brokering a peace agreement was to leave behind a
good legacy and, potentially, receive a Nobel
Peace Prize. More of this can be found in Legacy
by Rich Lowry.

=====Somalia=====
Other critics argue America's contemporary attacks
on Somalia, Bosnia, Sudan, and Afghanistan
violated international law.
http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/International_Wa
r_Crimes/ClintonWarCriminal_Herman.html,
http://agitprop.org.au/stopnato/19990607clintoncri
minal.php,
http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=147
13

===Impeachment and Other Scandals===
see details|Impeachment of Bill Clinton
Clinton was impeachment|impeached as President of
the United States on December 19, 1998 by the
United States House of Representatives|House of
Representatives.  The charges were perjury and
obstruction of justice.  The United States
Senate|Senate acquitted Clinton on both counts in
a trial concluding on February 12, 1999.  The day
before leaving office, Clinton agreed to a five
year suspension of his Arkansas law license as
part of an agreement with the independent counsel
to end the investigation. Based on this
suspension, Clinton was also automatically
suspended from the United States Supreme Court
bar, from which he chose to resign.
http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/11/9
/181815.shtmlhttp://conlaw.usatoday.findlaw.com/su
preme_court/orders/2001/111301pzor.html Clinton's
resignation will have little practical effect. He
has never practiced before the Supreme Court and
was not expected to in the future.

In addition to impeachment and the Whitewater
scandal, the Clinton White House was the subject
of many lesser scandals. Travelgate refers to the
firing of White House travel office staffers.
Filegate refers to White House handling of
hundreds of personnel files from individuals
without asking for their permission. Chinagate
involved Democrats accepting improper campaign
contributions; allegedly the ultimate source of
this money was the Chinese government. Pardongate
refers to a grant of clemency to FALN members in
1999 and pardons to Marc Rich and others in 2001
(see Clinton's Pardons List). In March, 1998
Kathleen Willey, a White House aide, alleged that
Clinton had sexually assaulted her. Also in 1998,
Juanita Broaddrick alleged that Clinton had raped
her in 1978. Secretary of Agriculture Mike Espy
was acquitted on each of 30 charges of illegally
accepting gifts such as sports tickets, lodging,
and transportation from companies regulated by his
department in exchange for favors.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/spec
ial/counsels/stories/espy120498.htm Only one
Clinton administration official was convicted for
any wrong-doing while in office:  United States
Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD
Secretary Henry Cisneros pleaded guilty to a
misdemeanor for misstating to the FBI the amount
of money he gave his girlfriend.  In March 2000,
Federal District Judge Royce Lamberth ruled that
"the President had the requisite intent for
committing a criminal violation of the Privacy
Act" when the White House released correspondence
from Willey to Clinton.
http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/0
3/29/clinton.willey/ The letters were released in
March 1998, the morning after Willey appeared on
the CBS program "60 minutes" and alleged that
Clinton made an unwanted sexual advance while the
two were in a private room adjacent to the Oval
Office in 1993.

===Timeline===
* February 26, 1993 - World Trade Center terrorist
attack. The World Trade Center bombing killed 6
and injured over 1000 people.
* April 19, 1993 - A government siege of the
Branch Davidians|Branch Davidian compound at Waco,
Texas, results in the deaths of 80 people when a
cult leader allegedly sets fire to his own
compound. Clinton and United States Attorney
General|Attorney General Janet Reno receive
criticism for mishandling the stand-off.
* July 20, 1993 - Clinton friend and confidant
Vince Foster is found dead of a gunshot wound
* October 3, 1993 - Battle of Mogadishu - U.S.
Army Rangers|Ranger Units receive heavy casualties
in Somalia, Blackhawk Down incident.
* January 14, 1994 - Clinton and President of
Russia|Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the
Kremlin accords which stop the preprogrammed
aiming of nuclear missiles to targets and also
provide for the dismantling of the nuclear arsenal
in Ukraine.
* April 19, 1995 - Oklahoma City bombing - Bombing
of federal building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
results in the deaths of 168 people, 19 of whom
were children.
* November 14, 1995 - Budget negotiations between
Congress and Clinton break down, resulting in a
temporary shutdown of the Federal Government.
Shutdowns (partial and full) continue through
January, 1996.
* November, 1995 - Clinton organizes peace talks
for Bosnia and Herzegovina at the Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio, eventually resulting in the
Dayton Agreement.
* December, 1995 - Clinton visits Ireland, leading
to the establishment of an International
Commission chaired by former U.S. Senator George
J. Mitchell.
* November, 1996 - U.S. presidential election,
1996|Clinton is reelected, defeating United States
Republican Party|Republican challenger Bob Dole.
* October, 1997 - Visit by President of the
People's Republic of China Jiang Zemin to the
White House.
* August, 1998 - Clinton orders cruise missile
strikes on Afghanistan to hit Osama Bin Laden and
a suspected chemical weapons Al-Shifa
pharmaceutical factory|factory in Sudan.
Republicans cried "wag the dog" as Monica Lewinsky
testified before a grand jury about her
relationship with Clinton.
* August 17, 1998 - Clinton testifies before a
grand jury about his relationship with Monica
Lewinsky. In the evening, he delivers a
http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/08/17/speech/t
ranscript.html nationally televised address in
which he describes the relationship as "not
appropriate" but also "nobody's business".
* December 19, 1998 - Clinton is impeached by the
United States House of Representatives|House of
Representatives on grounds of perjury and
obstruction of justice.
* January 7, 1999 - The trial of Clinton in the
United States Senate|Senate begins.
* February 12, 1999 - Clinton is acquitted of all
charges by the Senate.
* March 24 to June 10, 1999 - NATO bombs Kosovo
and Serbia. (See Kosovo War.)
* May 7, 1999 - U.S. planes accidentally bomb
People's Republic of China|China's embassy in
Belgrade. (See Kosovo War.)
* June, 1999 - Serbia hands control of Kosovo to
the United Nations. (See Kosovo War.)
* October 5, 2000 - The defeat of Slobodan
Milošević in earlier elections leads to mass
demonstrations in Belgrade and the ultimate
collapse of the regime's authority. Opposition
leader Vojislav Koštunica takes office as the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavian
president the next day.

==Public image==


As the first Baby Boomer president, Clinton was
seen during his presidency and during his
candidacy as a change from the presidents of the
G.I. Generation|World War II Generation. With his
soundbite|sound-bite-ready dialogue and pioneering
use of pop culture in his campaigning (he appeared
on The Arsenio Hall Show playing the saxophone
during the 1992 campaign), Clinton was declared,
often negatively, as the "MTV president".  Despite
criticisms that his appeal to young voters lacked
substance, Clinton won among Generation X voters
in the 1992 election, with the highest Gen-X
turnout ever. Clinton clearly came across as
popular to young people. Until his inauguration as
president, he had earned substantially less money
than his wife, and had the smallest net worth of
any president in modern history, according to My
Life, Clinton's autobiography. Clinton was also
very popular overall among African-Americans and
made improving race relations a major theme of his
presidency.http://www.americanprogress.org/site/pp
.asp?c=biJRJ8OVF&b=122950

Hillary Clinton's very strong role in the
administration led to a degree of criticism toward
a First Lady not seen since the days of Eleanor
Roosevelt. Many people saw the couple as an
unprecedented political partnership. Some even
suspected that Hillary, and not Bill, was the
dominant force behind the team, and many jokes
implied that Hillary, not Bill, was the real
President of the United States. 

Social conservatives were put off by the
impression of Clinton having been a "hippie"
during the late 1960s, his coming-of-age era. In
the 1960s, however, Clinton might not have been
viewed as such by many of those in the hippie
subculture.  Clinton avoided the draft with a
student deferment while studying abroad during the
Vietnam War.  Clinton's marijuana experimentation;
clumsily excused by Clinton's statement that he
"didn't inhale"; further tarnished his image with
some voters. Although he was actually to the right
of previous Democratic candidates for the
presidency on many issues; he supported the death
penalty, curfews, uniforms in public schools, and
other measures opposed by youth rights supporters,
and he expanded the War on Drugs greatly while in
office.



Starting from U.S. presidential election,
1992|1992 Presidential election campaign, rumors
about Clinton's adultery were floating about, and
these surfaced and increased with Paula Jones'
accusations of sexual harassment. After
allegations had linked him to Jones, Gennifer
Flowers, and Kathleen Willey, Clinton's sex life
would become the focus of his public image when,
in January 1998, recorded conversations by Linda
Tripp contained statements by White House intern
Monica Lewinsky about having oral sex. 

Clinton was viewed with intense personal dislike
of his policies and character by some on the far
right.  Several unsubstantiated accusations were
leveled by conservative talk radio. Among these
were rumors of involvement with drug traffickers
and personal cocaine use. Some talk show
personalities even fomented
Vince_Foster#Conspiracy_Theory|conspiracy theories
about Clinton's involvement in the death of
long-time friend and aide Vince Foster, which was
later ruled a suicide in an extensive
investigation by Kenneth Starr. The deadly Branch
Davidian standoff near Waco, Texas in 1993
fomented further far right hostility to the
Clinton administration.

Clinton is often referred to by nickname among
both detractors and fans.  One of the earliest was
"Bubba", which alludes to his Southern "good ol'
boy" background. Other common nicknames include
"Slick Willy" and "Clintoon" (by detractors), and
the "Big Dog" (by fans). Although the phrase
typically refers to Ronald Reagan's presidency,
Clinton's presidency is sometimes referred to as
the "Teflon Presidency" for how scandals and
setbacks never seem to stick to him, at least in
terms of dropped public support. Similiarly,
during his first presidential campaign in 1992, he
was dubbed the "Comeback Kid" because he came from
behind to gain the Democratic nomination (he had
lost the New Hampshire primary to Paul Tsongas)
and then to unseat the incumbent.

==Legacy==

Clinton presided over the period of longest steady
growth of the economy in modern American history.

Clinton is seen as having led — in
conjunction with the Democratic Leadership Council
(DLC) — the Democratic Party away from the
left, towards a more moderate centrist position.
During the 1990s, the Party was accused of
abandoning its traditional base of support
(unions, the working class, minorities) in pursuit
of a center-right position, responding to —
and funded by — corporate contributors, with
the soccer mom representing his new base. The
current quandary of the Democratic party is felt
by many to be primarily due to its inability to
define itself vis-à-vis the Republican Party and
offer a clear alternative. Clinton was able to
surmount this problem through sheer personal
charisma, but his successors have been less
successful.

Clinton advocated nanotechnology development.
Howard Lovy, a nanotechnology writer, said the
National Nanotechnology Initiative may "turn out
to be one of Clinton's most-important legacies".
The Initiative was a federal nanoscale science,
engineering, and technology research and
development program. In a 21 January 2000 speech
at the California Institute of Technology, Clinton
said, "Some of our research goals may take twenty
or more years to achieve, but that is precisely
why there is an important role for the federal
government."  Critics argue that his supporters
will look for any issue to find a legacy. 
Nanotechology received only a passing mention in
Clinton's memoirs and failed to make the book's
index.http://nanobot.blogspot.com/2004/09/clinton-
makes-nanomention-of-large.html

Some of the personal failures and immoral acts of
Clinton have tainted his legacy in the eyes of
many Americans in spite some of the good economic
growth of the late 1990's. There was a massive
stock market bubble coupled with crippling
corruption by Enron that deflated some earlier
economic gains.  Additionally, there is
controversy over his foreign policy actions; some
Americans feel that his foreign policies had
resulted in an environment that permitted
terrorists like Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda
network to strike on September 11
attacks|September 11, 2001. Also, he was viewed by
his detractors as a television-image based-
president, relying mostly on soundbites versus
substance.

==Post-presidential career==

On January 18, 2001, he addressed the nation one
last time on television from the Oval Office of
the White House, two days before handing over the
presidency to George W. Bush, whose father he had
defeated in U.S. presidential election, 1992|1992.


Like many former American presidents, Clinton has
engaged in a career as a public speaker on a
variety of issues. In these, he continues to
comment on aspects of contemporary politics. One
notable theme is his advocacy of multilateral
solutions to problems facing the world. Clinton's
close relationship with the African American
community has been highlighted in his
post-Presidential career with his opening of his
personal office in the Harlem section of New York
City. He assisted his wife Hillary Clinton in her
campaign for office as a U.S. Congressional
Delegations from New York|senator representing New
York.

In February 2004, Clinton (along with Mikhail
Gorbachev and Sophia Loren) won a Grammy Award for
Grammy Awards of 2004#Children's|Best Spoken Word
Album for Children for narrating the Russian
National Orchestra's album Peter and the Wolf/Wolf
Tracks.  Clinton won a second Grammy in February
2005, Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album|Best
Spoken Word Album for My Life.

Clinton collected his memoirs into a book entitled
My Life, which was released on June 22, 2004.
Commenting on memoirs in general, he said "some
are dull and self-serving, hopefully mine will be
interesting and self-serving." The book made an
unprecedented three appearances on the Amazon.com
best-seller list, before it was even released. In
an interview with David Dimbleby
http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/programmes
/panorama/transcripts/clintoninterview.txt which
aired on the BBC on June 23, 2004,  Clinton was
questioned at length about the effects to his
presidency of his affair with Monica Lewinsky,
conceding that he had made many mistakes while in
office. He also spoke about the prospects of a
future Clinton presidency, should his wife Hillary
Clinton decide to run for office in U.S.
presidential election, 2008|2008.


Clinton has gone to other countries for his book
tours and has given media interviews on them. One
of those was in Canada. On September 11, 2004, CBC
Newsworld, which is the CBC's cable news network,
began its sixth season of
"http://www.cbc.ca/programs/sites/mansbridge.html
Mansbridge One on One" with an interview Clinton
gave with the program's host, the network's chief
correspondent, Peter Mansbridge
http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/clinton/intervie
w.html
http://media.cbc.ca:8080/ramgen/newsworld/clips/rm
-newsworld/mansbridge_clinton0408051.rm. Unlike
Dimbleby, Mansbridge didn't mention the Lewinsky
scandal|Lewinsky affair. Nor was there any mention
of Hillary Clinton. Clinton mostly talked about
his book and how he went about writing it, his
thoughts on the issues that confronted the Bush
administration, and the U.S. presidential
election, 2004|2004 presidential election. He also
talked about repealing the 22nd Amendment in the
event of a terrorist attack.

On July 26, 2004, Clinton spoke for the fifth time
in a row to the 2004 Democratic National
Convention|Democratic National Convention. He used
his speech to praise candidate John Kerry. Many
have argued that Clinton's speech is one of the
best in Convention history. In it, Clinton
criticized George W. Bush's depiction of Kerry,
saying that "Strength and wisdom are not opposing
values."

On September 2, 2004, Clinton had an episode of
angina and was evaluated at Northern Westchester
Hospital. It was determined that he had not
suffered a coronary infarction, and he was sent
home, returning the following day for angiography,
which disclosed multiple vessel coronary artery
disease. He was transferred to Columbia
Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City,
where he successfully underwent quadruple coronary
artery bypass surgery on September 6, 2004. The
medical team responsible for Clinton claimed that,
had he not had surgery, he would likely have
suffered a massive myocardial infarction|heart
attack within a few months. On March 10, 2005, he
underwent a follow-up surgery to remove scar
tissue and fluid from his left chest cavity, a
result of his open-heart surgery. 

He dedicated his presidential library, which is
the largest in the nation, the William J. Clinton
Presidential Center, in Little Rock, Arkansas on
November 18, 2004.  Under rainy skies, Clinton
received words of praise from former presidents
Jimmy Carter and George H. W. Bush, as well as
from the current president, George W. Bush.  He
was also treated to a musical rendition from Bono
and David Howell Evans|The Edge from U2 (band)|U2,
who expressed their gratitude at Clinton's efforts
to resolve the Northern Ireland conflict during
his presidency.


On November 22, 2004, New York Republican Governor
George Pataki named Clinton and the other living
former presidents (Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and
George H. W. Bush) as honorary members of the
board rebuilding the World Trade Center.

On December 8, 2004, Clinton announced that he was
the new spokesperson for Accoona, an internet
search engine company. 

There had been reported signs of a friendship
growing between Clinton and George W. Bush.  After
the official unveiling of his White House portrait
in June 2004, and especially since the U.S.
presidential election, 2004|2004 election, Clinton
and Bush met on occasion, although the nature of
the friendship did not appear to be a
reconciliation of political opinions. During the
2000 presidential campaign, Bush deemed Clinton
"the shadow" and vowed to "uphold dignity" into
the White House once he departed in January of
2001. 

On January 3, 2005, President George W. Bush named
Clinton and George H. W. Bush to lead a nationwide
campaign to help the victims of the 2004 Indian
Ocean earthquake. On February 1, 2005, he was
picked by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan to head
the United Nations Humanitarian response to the
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|earthquake and
tsunami relief and reconstruction effort. Five
days later, he and Bush both appeared on the Super
Bowl XXXIX pre-game show on Fox Television
Network|Fox in support of their bipartisan effort
to raise money for relief of the disaster through
the USA Freedom Corps, an action which Bush
described as "transcending politics." Thirteen
days later, they both traveled to the affected
areas to see how the relief efforts are going.

Following the death of Pope John Paul II on April
2, 2005 Clinton stirred up a mini-controversy
saying the late pontiff, "may have had a mixed
legacy…there will be debates about him. But on
balance, he was a man of God, he was a consistent
person, he did what he thought was right." Clinton
sat with both President George W. Bush and former
President George H.W. Bush as the first American
heads of state to attend a papal funeral.

In his post-presidential years, Clinton also made
it known that he would like to serve as United
Nations Secretary-General|Secretary-General of the
United Nations. Throughout his career, he
supported the United Nations and NATO and the
international sense the organizations fostered was
something he built his foreign policy on.

==Trivia==
* Bill Clinton struggled with poor eating habits
which led to heart problems, as he explained on
Good Morning America, "I'm more sensitive to it
because of my recent heart problems and because I
had come to terms with the fact that they came
about not only because of my predisposition to
high cholesterol but because of decades of poor
eating habits."
http://1010wins.com/topstories/local_story_1231151
21.html
* Clinton's reputation was such that several film
and song parodies have been made about his use of
marijuana without inhaling, his womanizing and his
dominant wife.
* Clinton is 6 feet, 1½ inches (1.87 m) tall.
* Roger Clinton, Jr. was one of 140 people
pardoned by his brother in the last days of the
Clinton presidency.
* In August 2005, Clinton urged Cherie Blair to
run for Prime Minister of Great Britain when her
husband, Tony Blair, retires as he is expected to
do prior to the next election.  He offered, "If
she ever campaigned for office and wanted me to go
ringing doorbells for her, I’d be happy to do
it."  It was reported that both Blairs stood for
Parliament in 1983 on a pact that only one would
pursue a political career, which may have been
similar to the Clintons.

==References==
* http://www.columbia.edu/cu/osi/natnanoin.html
"Columbia Nanotechnology: National Nanotechnology
Initiative"

===References for "Criticisms of Foreign Policy"
Section===
note|Farah Farah, Joseph (1999).
"http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ART
ICLE_ID=14861 The Real War Crimes". 

note|Schlafly Schlafly, Phyllis (November 19,
1999).
"http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a383733326c5a.h
tm Numbers Game in Kosovo". Washington Times.

note|Cohen Cohen, William (April 7, 1999).
"http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/1999/t0409
1999_t407nato.html Secretary Cohen's Press
Conference at NATO Headquarters".

note|Doggett Doggett, Tom (May 16, 1999).
"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longte
rm/balkans/stories/cohen051699.htm Cohen Fears
100,000 Kosovo Men Killed by Serbs". The
Washington Post.

note|Clinton1 Clinton, Bill (May 13, 1999).
"http://www.clintonfoundation.org/legacy/051399-sp
eech-by-president-to-veterans-organizations-on-kos
ovo.htm Speech by President to Veterans
Organizations on Kosovo".

note|Clinton2 Clinton, Bill (June 25, 1999).
"http://clinton6.nara.gov/1999/06/1999-06-25-press
-conference-by-the-president.html Press Conference
by the President".

note|Clinton3 ibid

note|CNN
"http://www.cnn.com/US/9903/23/u.s.kosovo.04/
Clinton: Serbs must be stopped now". (March 23,
1999). CNN.

note|Clines Clines, Francis X (March 30, 1999).
"NATO Hunting for Serb Forces; U.S. Reports Signs
of 'Genocide'". The New York Times, p. A1.

note|Erlanger Erlanger, Steven (November 11,
1999). "Early Count Hints at Fewer Kosovo Deaths".
The New York Times, p. A6.

note|Pilger Pilger, John (September 4, 2000).
"http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FQP/i
s_4502_129/ai_65377401 US and British officials
told us that at least 100,000 were murdered in
Kosovo. A year later, fewer than 3,000 bodies have
been found...". New Statesman.

note|BBC
"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1402790.s
tm#kosovo The charges against Milosevic". (July 5,
2004). BBC.

note|Pearl Pearl, Daniel and Block, Robert
(December 31, 1999). "War in Kosovo Was Cruel,
Bitter, Savage; Genocide It Wasn’t". The Wall
Street Journal, p. A1.

note|Pearl2 ibid

note|BBC2
"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1530781.s
tm Kosovo assault 'was not genocide'". (September
7, 2001). BBC.

note|BBC3 ibid

note|ICTY
"http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ai0
10629e.htm Milosevic et al. - Amended Indictment".

note|Swain Swain, Jon (October 31, 1999).
"http://www.agitprop.org.au/stopnato/1999110103.ht
m Lost in the Kosovo numbers game". The Sunday
Times.

==Further reading==
* Rich Lowry (2003) Legacy: Paying the Price for
the Clinton Years
* Dick Morris with Eileen McGann (2004) Because He
Could
* Kenneth W. Starr (1998) The Starr Report: The
Findings of Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr
on President Clinton and the Lewinsky Affair
PublicAffairs ISBN 1-89-162024-X
*Institute for Policy Studies (2002) Enron's
Pawns: How Public Institutions Bankrolled Enron's
Globalization Game
http://www.seen.org/pages/press_releases/enronrele
ase0302.shtml Link
* Michael Isikoff (1999) Uncovering Clinton: A
Reporter's Story Crown Publishing Group ISBN
0-60-960393-0
* Peter Baker (2000) The Breach : Inside the
Impeachment and Trial of William Jefferson Clinton
Scribner ISBN 0-68-486813-X
* James Bovard (2000) Feeling Your Pain: The
Explosion and Abuse of Government Power in the
Clinton-Gore Years St. Martin's Press ISBN
0-31-223082-6
* David Maraniss (1998) The Clinton Enigma : A
Four and a Half Minute Speech Reveals This
President's Entire Life Simon & Schuster ISBN
0-68-486296-4
* Mark J. Rozell (2000) The Clinton Scandal and
the Future of American Government Georgetown
University Press ISBN 0-87-840777-4
* Bob Barr (2004) The Meaning of Is: The
Squandered Impeachment and Wasted Legacy of
William Jefferson Clinton Stroud & Hall Publishing
ISBN 0-97-453762-4
* Christopher Anderson (1999). Bill & Hillary: The
Marriage. William Morrow & Co., Inc. ISBN
0-75-153035-2 
* Sidney Blumenthal (2003). The Clinton Wars.
Farrar Straus Giroux. ISBN 0-37-412502-3
* Bill Clinton (2004). My Life. Knopf. ISBN
0375414576.
* Joe Conason and Gene Lyons (2003). The Hunting
of the President : The Ten-Year Campaign to
Destroy Bill and Hillary Clinton. St. Martin's
Griffin. ISBN 0-31-227319-3
* Elizabeth Drew (1994). On the Edge: The Clinton
Presidency. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-67-187147-1
* Jason D. Fodeman (2003). How To Destroy A
Village : What The Clintons Taught A Seventeen
Year Old, PublishAmerica. ISBN 1-59-129804-0
* David Maraniss (1996). First In His Class : A
Biography Of Bill Clinton, Simon & Schuster.  ISBN
0684818906
* Roger Morris (1996). Partners in Power: The
Clintons & Their America. Henry Holt. ISBN
0-89-526302-5
* Michael Waldman (2000). POTUS Speaks: Finding
the Words That Defined the Clinton Presidency
Simon & Schuster ISBN 0-74-320020-9.

==See also==
* Clintonomics
* Presidential reputation
* History of the United States (1988-present)

==External links==
commons|Bill Clinton

Wikisource author
* http://www.clintonlibrary.gov/ Clinton
Presidential Library
* http://www.clintonfoundation.org/ William J.
Clinton Foundation
*
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/c
linton1.htm First Inaugural Address
*
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/c
linton2.htm Second Inaugural Address
*
http://vvl.lib.msu.edu/showfindingaid.cfm?findaidi
d=ClintonB Audio recordings of Clinton's speeches
*
http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive
-orders/clinton.html Executive Orders signed by
Clinton
* http://www.clintonpresidentialcenter.com/
Clinton Presidential Center
*
http://www.usdoj.gov/pardon/clintonpardon_grants.h
tm Pardons Granted By President Clinton
* http://www.zpub.com/un/zinn12.html The Clinton
Presidency and the Crisis of Democracy - by Howard
Zinn
* http://www.house.gov/judiciary/101365.pdf Draft
Articles of Impeachment, 1998
*
http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/02/02/iraq.oil
.smuggle/ Documents: U.S. condoned Iraq oil
smuggling
*
http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2004/06/25/clint
on/index.html The Salon Interview: Bill Clinton
*
http://www.newsmeat.com/washington_political_donat
ions/Bill_Clinton.php Political donations made by
Bill Clinton
*
http://www.usdoj.gov/osg/briefs/1990/sg900402.txt
Bill Clinton, Governor of Arkansas, et al.,
appellants v. M.C. Jeffers, et al., 498 U.S. 1019
(1991)
* imdb name|id=0001051|name=Bill Clinton
*
http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/bc42.
html White House biography

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after = Jim Guy Tucker
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= United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party
President of the United States|Presidential :