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Professor Bruno S. Frey (born on May 4, 1941 in
Basel, Switzerland) is a Swiss economists and one
of the world's leading welfare economics|welfare
economists. He is best known for his critique of
Homo economicus or economic man, arguing that it
places excessive emphasis on extrinsic motivation
rather than intrinsic motivation. 

In 2004, he was invited as one of ten experts for
the Copenhagen Consensus sponsored by The
Economist and funded by the Danish Government to
establish priorities for advancing global
development. Frey co-founded the Council for
Research in Economics Management and the Arts
(CREMA) in Switzerland and acts as its Research
Director. He has been the managing editor of the
journal Kyklos in 1969 and has served on the
editorial board of many other economic
publications. Frey has written, co-written or
edited more than a dozen books and has written
more than 350 journal articles mostly in economic
journals but also contributing to journals in
political science, sociology and psychology.

==Early career==
Bruno Frey was born in Basel in 1941. He studied
economics at the University of Basel achieving a
master of economics in 1964 and his doctorate the
following year. In 1969, he was appointed as an
Associate Professor of Economics at the University
of Basel.

Frey was also appointed managing of Kyklos a Swiss
journal on political economy in 1969, currently
published by CREMA. Gebhard KirchgässnerFrey was
the founder of CREMA together with René Frey of
the University of Basel and Reiner Eichenberger 
of the University of Fribourg.

His first book Umweltökonomie (Environmental
Economics was published in Göttingen in 1972.
Moderne Politische Ökonomie was published in 1977
in Germany with English versions being published
in England and the US in 1978.

==Professor of Economics 1977-1997==
Frey was appointed as a full Professor of
Economics at the University of Zurich in 1977.
Frey published a number of significant books
during the 1980's:

*Theorie demokratischer Wirtschaftspolitik
(Democratic Economic Policy) Germany 1981 US and
UK 1983;
*Demokratische Wirtschaftspolitik was written with
Gebhard Kirchgässner and published in Munich in
1981;
*Schattenwirtschaft (Shadow Economy) was written
with Hannelore Weck and Werner Pommerehne and
published in Munich in 1984;
*International Political Economics was published
in the US and UK in 1984 and Germany in 1985;
*Die heimliche Wirtschaft was written with
Hannelore Weck-Hanneman and Werner Pommerehne was
published in Switzerland in 1986; and
*Muses and Markets: Explorations in the Economics
of the Arts with Werner Pommerehne was published
in the UK in 1989 and Germany in 1993.

Muses and Markets is considered as one of the
leading books on the economics of the arts. One of
the key points of Frey's critique of economic man
is that the basic model does not explain how an
artist or craftsman would take pride in their work
other than from the price received in the market
place for such work.

Frey had another work Ökonomie ist
Sozialwissenschaft published in Germany in 1990.
This work was published as Economics as a Science
of Human Behaviour: Towards a New Social Science
Paradigm. Bruno Frey has been interested in using
insights from other disciplines such as
psychology, political science and sociology in
economics.

==International recognition 1997 ==
Bruno Frey has won international recognition for
his work in recent years. In 1998, he was awarded
honorary doctorates at the  University of St.
Gallen in
Switzerland and at Gothernburg
University|University of Göteborg in Sweden. Frey
has continued to write and edit books including:
*Not Just for the Money: An Economic Theory of
Personal Motivation 1997 UK
*Ein neuer Föderalismus für Europa: Die Idee der
FOCJ 1997 Germany;
*Markt und Motivation: Wie ökonomische Anreize
die (Arbeits-) Moral verdrängen Germany 1997;
*The New Democratic Federalism for Europe:
Functional, Overlapping and Competing
Jurisdictions with Reiner Eichenberger UK 1999; 
*Arts & Economics; Analysis & Cultural Policy US
and Germany 2000.
*Managing Motivation: Wie Sie die neue
Motivationsforschung für Ihr Unternehmen nutzen
können with Margit Osterloh edior Germany 2000;
*Inspiring Economics: Human Motivation in
Political Economy UK 2001;
*Happiness & Economics with Alois Stutzer 2002 US
and UK
*Successful Management by Motivation: Balancing
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Incentives with Margit
Osterloh editors US and Germany; 2002 and
*Dealing with Terrorism: Stick or Carrot 2004 UK
and US.

Not Just for the Money emphasised the importance
of intrinsic motivation in employment as well as
remuneration. Arts and Economics looked at various
artistic institutions such as festivals and
museums from an economic perspective. Inspiring
Economics looked at new insights from
psychological research and how they can be applied
to economics. 

Happiness and Economics was the first study of the
interplay between economics and happiness.
Successful Management by Motivation looked at case
studies in various companies and argued that
performance pay could actually reduce motivation
in certain circumstances. Dealing with Terrorism
explored possible economic approaches to
terrorism.

In 2004, Frey was invited to act as one of ten
experts at the Copenhagen Consensus. The
Copenhagen Consensus was organised by Bjørn
Lomborg and the Institute for Environmental
Assessment funded by the Danish Government and
sponsored by The Economist. The panel of experts
included three winners of the Nobel Prize for
Economics and were required to assess the costs
and  benefits of alternative approaches to major
global issues such as climate change, communicable
diseases, conflicts, education, financial
instability, corruption in government,
malnutrution and hunger, migration, water and
sanitation and trade barriers.

==Further references==
*http://www.iew.unizh.ch/home/frey/ Website at the
University of Zürich
*http://www.crema-research.ch/bsf.htm/ CREMA
Research biography
*http://pages.unibas.ch/kyklos/ Kyklos information
page
*http://www.infography.com/content/819452166938.ht
ml/ Infography about art economics
*http://www.iew.unizh.ch/institute/chairs/frey/
Zurich University page about Institute for
Empirical Research in Economics
*http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/Default.asp?ID
=177/ Copenhagen Consensus page on Bruno Frey
*http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/search/action.lasso?-dat
abase=ElgarTitles.fp5&-layout=Website&-response=..
/search/Selection.lasso&CDM+SerialNo=1183&-search/
Edward Elgar publisher page on Not Just for the
Money
*http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0
,10735,2-40109-22-2309321-0,00.html/   Springer
Online page on Arts & Economics
*http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/search/action.lasso?-dat
abase=ElgarTitles.fp5&-layout=Website&-response=..
/search/Selection.lasso&CDM+SerialNo=1895&-search/
 Edward Elgar page on Inspiring Economics
*http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/7222.html/
Princeton University Press page on Happiness &
Economics
*http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0
,10735,2-40109-22-2211750-0,00.html/ Springer
Online page on Successful Management by Motivation
*http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/search/action.lasso?-dat
abase=ElgarTitles.fp5&-layout=Website&-response=..
/search/Selection.lasso&CDM+SerialNo=3435&-search/
Edward Elgar page on Dealing with Terrorism: Stick
or Carrot