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: This article is about Francisco Goya, a Spanish
painter. For other uses of the name Goya, see Goya
(uation).



Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (March 30,
1746 – April 16, 1828) was a Spain|Spanish
painter and engraver.  He was born in Fuendetodos,
Spain|Fuendetodos and later lived primarily in
Madrid. Brought up in Zaragoza, at 14 he was
apprenticed to José Luzanan, an artist friend of
his father. He married Josefa Bayeu, the sister of
Francisco Bayeu, in 1773.



His later influence is significant since his art
was both deeply subversive and subjective, at a
time when these attitudes were not predominant.
His emphasis on the foreground and faded
background portends the work of Edouard
Manet|Manet.

Goya was a portraitist of royalty and chronicler
of history who produced a series of 80 prints that
he titled Los Caprichos depicting what he called
the innumerable foibles and follies to be found in
any civilized society, and from the common
prejudices and deceitful practices which custom,
ignorance, or self-interest have made usual.
http://www.worldandi.com/newhome/public/2004/febru
ary/bkpub1.asp


He painted the Spanish royal family, including
Charles IV of Spain and Ferdinand VII of
Spain|Ferdinand VII. His themes range from merry
festivals for tapestry, draft cartoons, to scenes
of war, fight and corpses. This evolution reflects
the darkening of his temper. Modern doctors
suspect that the lead in his pigments poisoned him
and caused his post-lingual hearing
impairment|deafness since 1792. Near the end of
his life, he became reclusive and produced
frightening and obscure paintings of insanity,
madness, and fantasy.  The style of these Black
Paintings prefigure the
Expressionism|expressionist movement.

Goya retired to his Quinta del Sordo (Deaf man's
villa) after the France|French troops of Napoleon
Bonaparte seized power in Spain. Some of his
paintings depict scenes of the horrors of the
Peninsula War. 

Blind and deaf, he died in self-imposed exile in
Bordeaux.

Two of Goya's best known paintings are La Maja
Desnuda|The Nude Maja (La Maja desnuda) and The
Clothed Maja (La Maja vestida). They depict the
same woman in the same pose, naked and clothed
respectively. He painted La Maja Vestida after
outrage in Spanish society over the previous
Desnuda. He refused to paint clothes on her, and
instead created a new painting.  (See also: Majo.)


Another familiar Goya work is Saturn Devouring His
Son, which displays a
Classical_mythology|Greco-Roman mythological scene
of the god Saturn (god)|Saturn consuming a child. 
This painting is one of fourteen in a series
called the Black Paintings.

Many of Goya's works are on display at the Museo
del Prado.



==Biographies==
* Goya (a biographical novel) by Lion Feuchtwanger
 ISBN 8476408838 
* Goya by Robert Studley Forrest Hughes|Robert
Hughes, 2003, ISBN 1843430541

==Cinema==
Several films portray Goya's life:
* imdb title|id=0210717|title=Goya in Bordeaux
(1999)
* imdb title|id=0216386|title=Volavérunt (1999)

==External links==
quote
Commons|Francisco de Goya y Lucientes
* http://eeweems.com/goya/index.html Goya images,
biography and resources
* http://www.abcgallery.com/G/goya/goya.html Goya
at Olga's Gallery
* http://www.gasl.org/refbib/Goya__Caprichos.pdf
Caprichos (PDF in the
http://www.gasl.org/as/referenz Arno Schmidt
Reference Library)
* http://www.gasl.org/refbib/Goya__Guerra.pdf
Desastres de la Guerra (PDF in the
http://www.gasl.org/as/referenz Arno Schmidt
Reference Library)
*
http://www.worldandi.com/newhome/public/2004/febru
ary/bkpub1.asp The Sleep of Reason - article in
World&I Magazine
*
http://dmoz.org/Arts/Art_History/Artists/G/Goya_y_
Lucientes,_Francisco_de/ Open Directory category
*
http://dmoz.org/Arts/Movies/Titles/G/Goya_in_Borde
aux/ Open Directory category for the film Goya in
Bordeaux