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Friedrich Engels (November 28, 1820–August
5, 1895) was a 19th century|19th-century
Germany|German 
Political philosophy|political philosopher. With
his partner, the better known Karl Marx, Engels
developed Communism|communist theory, co-authoring
The Communist Manifesto (1848). Engels also edited
several volumes of Das Kapital after Marx's death.

== Biography ==


Engels was born in Wuppertal|Barmen-Elberfeld (now
Wuppertal), the eldest son of a successful German
textile industrialist. As a young man, his father
sent him to England to help manage his cotton
factory in Manchester. Shocked by the widespread
poverty, he began writing an account which was
published in 1845 as
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/co
ndition-working-class/index.htm Condition of the
Working Class in England in 1844. 

In the same year, Engels began contributing to a
journal called the Franco-German Annals, which was
edited and published by Karl Marx in Paris. After
their first meeting in person, they discovered
that they both shared the same views on
capitalism, and decided to work more closely
together. After Marx was deported from France in
January 1845, they decided to move to Belgium,
which permitted greater freedom of expression than
other countries in Europe. 

In July 1845, Engels took Marx to England. There
he met an Irish working-class woman named Mary
Burns, with whom he lived until her death. Later,
he lived with her sister, Lizzie. These women may
have introduced him to the Chartism|Chartist
movement, of whose leaders he met several,
including George Harney. Engels and Marx returned
to Brussels in January 1846, where they set up the
Communist Correspondence Committee. The plan was
to unite Socialism|socialist leaders living in
different parts of Europe. Influenced by Marx's
ideas, socialists in England held a conference in
London where they formed a new organization called
the Communist League. Engels attended as a
delegate and had a great impact on the developed
strategy of action. 

In 1847, Engels and Marx began writing a pamphlet
together. It was based on Engels' The Principles
of Communism. The 12,000-word pamphlet was
finished in six weeks, written in such a manner as
to make communism understandable to a wide
audience. It was named The Communist Manifesto and
was published in February 1848. In March, both
Engels and Marx were expelled from Belgium. They
moved to Cologne, where they began to publish a
radical newspaper, the New Rhenish Gazette.

Engels was an active participant in the Revolution
of 1848, taking part in the uprising at Elberfeld.
Engels fought in the Baden campaign against the
Prussians (June/July 1849) as the aide-de-camp of
August Willich, who was leader of a Free Corps in
the Baden-Palatinate uprising.
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1850/ge
rman-imperial/ch01.htm

By 1849, both Engels and Marx were forced to leave
the country and moved to London. The Prussian
authorities applied pressure on the British
government to expel the two men, but Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister John
Russell refused. With only the money that Engels
could raise, the Marx family lived in extreme
poverty. 

In order to help supply Marx with an income,
Engels returned to work for his father in
Manchester, before moving to London in 1870. After
Marx's death in 1883, Engels devoted much of the
rest of his life to editing and translating Marx's
writings. However, he also contributed
significantly to feminist theory, seeing for
instance the concept of Monogamy|monogamous
marriage as having arisen because of the
domination of man over women. In this sense, he
ties communist theory to the family, arguing that
women have been dominated by men just as workers
have been by the capitalist class. Engels died in
London in 1895.



==Works==
*Anti-Dühring
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/an
ti-duhring/index.htm
*Dialectics of Nature
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1883/do
n/index.htm
*Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German
Philosophy
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1886/lu
dwig-feuerbach/index.htm
*Origins of the Family, Private Property, and the
State
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1884/or
igin-family/index.htm
*Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/ge
rmany/index.htm
*The German Ideology (with Marx)
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/ge
rman-ideology/index.htm
*The Holy Family (with Marx)
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/ho
ly-family/index.htm
*The Peasant War in Germany
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1850/pe
asant-war-germany/index.htm

==See also==
*Karl Marx
*Marxism
*Das Kapital

==External links==

Wikisource author
* http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/index.htm
The Marx & Engels Internet Archive at
Marxists.org.
**
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/bio/index.htm
Marx/Engels Biographical Archive
*
http://www.indepthinfo.com/communist-manifesto/eng
els.shtml Friedrich Engels - A Biography
* http://www.mlwerke.de/me/ Marx & Engels in their
native German language
*gutenberg
author|id=Friedrich_Engels|name=Friedrich Engels

Marx/Engels