Web Quotableonline.com Frasescelebres.org Greatbookscollection.org

The Right Honourable Leonard James Callaghan,
Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, Order of the
Garter|KG, Privy Counsellor|PC (27 March 1912
– 26 March 2005), was British Labour
Party|Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
from 1976 to 1979. He was known by his second
name, James, shortened to Jim, giving his
nicknames "Sunny Jim" or "Big Jim". Callaghan is
the only person to have filled the three great
offices of state (Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Secretary of State for the Home Department|Home
Secretary and Foreign Secretary) before becoming
Prime Minister.

Callaghan was Chancellor of the Exchequer from
1964 to 1967 during a turbulent period in the
British economy in which he had to wrestle with a
balance of payments deficit and speculative
attacks on the pound sterling. In November 1967,
the Government was forced to devalue the pound.
Callaghan offered to resign, but was persuaded to
swap his ministerial post with Roy Jenkins,
becoming Home Secretary from 1967 to 1970. In that
capacity, Callaghan took the decision to deploy
the British Army to Northern Ireland after a
request from the Northern Ireland Government. 

Callaghan returned to office as Secretary of State
for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign
Secretary in March 1974, taking responsibility for
renegotiating the terms of Britain's membership of
the Common Market, and supporting a "Yes" vote in
the 1975 referendum for the UK to remain in the
EEC. When Harold Wilson resigned in 1976,
Callaghan was elected as the new leader by Labour
MPs. His only term as Prime Minister was dogged by
Labour's lack of a majority in the House of
Commons, forcing Callaghan to deal with minor
parties such as the Ulster Unionists, a process
which led to the Lib-Lab Pact. Industrial disputes
in the 'Winter of Discontent' of
1978–1979|79 made Callaghan's government
unpopular and the defeat of the referendum on
devolution to Scotland led to defeat on a Motion
of No Confidence on 28 March 1979. This was
followed by a defeat by Margaret Thatcher's
Conservative Party in the ensuing united Kingdom
general election, 1979|general election.

==Early life and career==
Callaghan was the son of a Royal Navy Chief Petty
Officer of Ireland|Irish ancestry, who died when
Callaghan was aged 9. He was educated at
Portsmouth Northern Grammar School, and left at 16
to work as a clerk for the Inland Revenue. While
working as a Tax Inspector, Callaghan was
instrumental in establishing the Association of
Officers of Taxes as a Trade Union for those in
his profession and became a member of its National
Executive. Following a merger, Callaghan was
appointed as full-time Assistant Secretary of the
Inland Revenue Staff Federation.

This job brought Callaghan into contact with
Harold Laski, the Chair of the Labour Party's
National Executive Committee and a respected
academic at the London School of Economics. Laski
encouraged him to stand for Parliament. Callaghan
joined the Royal Navy Patrol Service in World War
II from 1943, rising to the rank of Lieutenant.
While on leave, Callaghan was selected as a
Parliamentary candidate for Cardiff South, later
Cardiff South East. He won the seat in the United
Kingdom general election, 1945|1945 UK general
election, and would hold a Cardiff-area seat
continuously until 1987.

==Parliamentary career==
Callaghan was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to
the Ministry of Transport in 1947 where his term
saw the introduction of zebra crossings, and an
extension in the use of Cat's eye (road)|cat's
eyes. He moved to be Parliamentary and Financial
Secretary to the Admiralty from 1950 where he was
a delegate to the Council of Europe and resisted
plans for a European army.

Callaghan was popular with Labour MPs and was
elected to the Shadow Cabinet every year while the
Labour Party was in opposition from 1951 to 1964.
He was Parliamentary Adviser to the Police
Federation from 1955 to 1960 when he negotiated an
increase in police pay. He ran for the Deputy
Leadership of the party in 1960 as an opponent of
unilateral nuclear disarmament, and despite the
other candidate of the Labour right (George Brown)
agreeing with him on this policy, he forced Brown
to a second vote.

In 1961 Callaghan became a Shadow Chancellor. When
Hugh Gaitskell died in January 1963, Callaghan ran
to succeed him but came third. He was appointed
Chancellor of the Exchequer when Labour won the
United Kingdom general election, 1964|1964 general
election and had to cope with a balance of
payments deficit and speculative attacks on
Sterling. It was the policy of the whole
government, and one in which Callaghan concurred,
that devaluation should be avoided and he managed
to arrange loans from other central banks and some
tax rises in order to stabilise the economy.

However, the effect of the Six Day War and a dock
strike increased the speculation in November 1967
and the Government was forced to devalue the pound
sterling|pound from US dollar|$2.80 to $2.40 on
November 18. Callaghan offered his resignation
immediately, but Harold Wilson persuaded him to
stay on and he was appointed Home Secretary in a
job swap with Roy Jenkins two weeks later. His
background in the trade union movement led to his
being a focus for opposition to the employment
laws proposed by his cabinet colleague Barbara
Castle in 1969. In this struggle (called The
Battle of Downing Street) he ultimately prevailed,
and the proposals (set out in the White paper In
Place of Strife) were dropped. Some within the
party who disliked Wilson began to plot to
destabilise him and have Callaghan take over at
about this time. Callaghan also took the decision
to deploy United Kingdom troops in Northern
Ireland after a request from the Ulster Unionist
Party|Ulster Unionist Government of Northern
Ireland.

After Wilson's shock defeat by Edward Heath in the
United Kingdom general election, 1970|1970 general
election, Callaghan declined to challenge him for
the leadership despite Wilson's vulnerability.
This did much to rehabilitate him in Wilson's
eyes. He was in charge of drawing up a new policy
statement in 1972 which contained the idea of the
'Social Contract' between the Government and Trade
Unions. He also did much to ensure that Labour
opposed the Heath government's bid to enter the
European Union|Common Market — forcing
Wilson's hand by making his personal opposition
clear without consulting the Party Leader.

When Wilson was again appointed Prime Minister in
March 1974, he appointed Callaghan as Secretary of
State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign
Secretary which gave him responsibility for
renegotiating the terms of Britain's membership of
the Common Market. When the talks concluded,
Callaghan led the Cabinet in declaring the new
terms acceptable and he supported a Yes vote in
the 1975 referendum.

==As Prime Minister==
Wilson announced his surprise resignation on March
16, 1976 and unofficially endorsed Callaghan as
his successor. His popularity with all parts of
the Labour movement saw him through the ballot of
Labour MPs. Callaghan was the first Prime Minister
to have held all three leading Cabinet positions
— Chancellor of the Exchequer, Home
Secretary and Foreign Secretary — prior to
becoming Prime Minister. 

Callaghan's support for and from the union
movement should not be mistaken for a left wing
position: unlike Wilson Callaghan had been a
supporter of Hugh Gaitskell in the battles over
labour's direction in the 1950s and he settled old
scores by sacking the Aneurin Bevan|Bevanite
Barbara Castle when he became party leader.

Callaghan did, though, continue Wilson's policy of
a balanced Cabinet and relied heavily on the man
he defeated for the job of party leader —
the arch-Bevanite Michael Foot. Foot was made
Leader of the House of Commons and given the task
of steering through the government's legislative
programme. As Labour soon lost its majority in a
string of poor by-election results this required
all of Callaghan and Foot's blend of emollience
and steely determination.

His time as Prime Minister was dominated by the
troubles in running a Government with a minority
in the House of Commons. Callaghan was forced to
make deals with minor parties in order to survive,
including the Lib-Lab Pact. He had been forced to
accept referendums on devolution in Scotland and
Wales (the first went in favour but did not reach
the required majority, and the second went heavily
against). However, by the autumn of 1978 most
opinion polls were showing Labour ahead and he was
expected to call an election. His decision not to
has been described as the biggest mistake of his
premiership.


Famously he strung along the opposition and was
expected to make his declaration of election in a
broadcast in early September 1978. His decision to
go on was at the time seen by many as a sign of
his domination of the political scene and he
ridiculed his opponents by impersonating old-time
music hall star Marie Lloyd singing Waiting at the
Church at that month's TUC Congress: now seen as
one of the greatest moments of hubris in modern
British politics but celebrated at the time.
Callaghan intended to convey the message that he
had not promised an election, but most observers
misread his message as an assertion that he would
call an election, and the Conservatives would not
be ready for it.

Callaghan's way of dealing with the long-term
economic difficulties involved pay restraint which
had been operating for four years with reasonable
success. He gambled that a fifth year would
further improve the economy and allow him to be
re-elected in 1979, and so attempted to hold pay
rises to 5% or less. The Trade Unions rejected
continued pay restraint and in a succession of
strikes over the winter of 1978/79 (known as the
Winter of Discontent) secured higher pay. The
industrial unrest made his government extremely
unpopular, and Callaghan's complacent response to
one interview question only made it worse.
Returning to the United Kingdom from an economic
summit held in Guadeloupe in early 1979, Callaghan
was asked:


:"What is your general approach, in view of the
mounting chaos in the country at the moment?"
Callaghan replied:

:"Well, that's a judgment that you are making. I
promise you that if you look at it from outside,
and perhaps you're taking rather a parochial view
at the moment, I don't think that other people in
the world would share the view that there is
mounting chaos."

This reply was reported in The Sun under the
headline:

:Crisis? What Crisis?.

Callaghan was forced to call an election when the
House of Commons passed a Motion of No Confidence
by one vote on March 28, 1979. The Conservatives,
with advertising consultants Saatchi and Saatchi,
ran a campaign on the slogan "Labour isn't
working." As expected, Margaret Thatcher won the
election.

==Late career==

Callaghan resigned as leader of the Labour Party
in September 1980, shortly after the 1980 party
conference had voted for a new system of election
by electoral college involving the individual
members and trade unions. His resignation ensured
that his successor would be elected by MPs only.
In the second round of a campaign that laid bare
the deep internal divisions of the Parliamentary
Labour Party, Michael Foot beat Denis Healey to
succeed Callaghan as leader.

In 1983, Callaghan became Father of the House as
the longest continuously serving member of the
Commons and one of only two survivors of the 1945
general election (Michael Foot was the other but
he had been out of the House from 1955 to 1960).
In 1987 he was made a Knight of the Garter and
stood down at the United Kingdom general election,
1987|1987 general election after forty-two years
as a member of the Commons. Shortly afterwards, he
was elevated to the House of Lords as Baron
Callaghan of Cardiff.

In 1988 Callaghan's wife Audrey Callaghan|Audrey,
a former Chairman (1969-1982) of Great Ormond
Street Hospital, spotted a letter to a newspaper
which pointed out that the copyright of Peter Pan,
which had been assigned by J. M. Barrie to the
hospital, was about to expire. Callaghan moved an
amendment to the Copyright Bill then under
consideration in the Lords to extend it
permanently (which is permissible in the UK), and
this was accepted by the government.

Their daughter Margaret became Baroness Jay of
Paddington and was Leader of the House of Lords
from 1998 to 2001.

On 14 February 2005, he became the longest-lived
British Prime Minister, surpassing Harold
Macmillan, and had the longest life of any British
prime minister when he died at his farm in
Ringmer, East Sussex on 26 March 2005, on the eve
of his 93rd birthday and 11 days after his wife,
Audrey, Lady Callaghan of Cardiff. At the time of
his death Callaghan had lived 92 years 364 days,
exceeding by 42 days the life span of Macmillan.
He was survived by a son and two daughters.

==James Callaghan in popular culture==
James Callaghan was one of the two subjects (with
Prime Minister Harold Wilson) of Flanders and
Swann's humorous song, "There's a Hole in My
Budget," a parody of the popular folk song
"There's a Hole in The Bucket."

==Titles from birth to death==

*James Callaghan, Esq (27 March 1912-1943)
*Lieutenant James Callaghan, RNVR (1943-July 26
1945)
*Lieutenant James Callaghan, MP (July 26 1945-21
October 1964)
*Lieutenant The Right Honourable James Callaghan,
MP (21 October 1964-?)
*The Right Honourable James Callaghan, MP (?-23
April 1987)
*The Right Honourable Sir James Callaghan, KG, MP
(23 April-11 June 1987)
*The Right Honourable Sir James Callaghan, KG (11
June-5 November 1987)
*The Right Honourable The Lord Callaghan of
Cardiff, KG, PC (5 November 1987-26 March 2005)

==See also==
wikinews|Former British Prime Minister James
Callaghan dies aged 92
*Callaghan Ministry

start box
succession box|title=Chancellor of the
Exchequer|before=Reginald Maudling|after=Roy
Jenkins|years=1964–1967
succession box|title=Home Secretary|before=Roy
Jenkins|after=Reginald
Maudling|years=1967–1970
succession box|title=Secretary of State for
Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign
Secretary|before=Alec Douglas-Home|Sir Alec
Douglas-Home|after=Anthony
Crosland|years=1974–1976
succession box one to two|before=Harold
Wilson|after1=Margaret Thatcher|after2=Michael
Foot|title1=Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom|Prime Minister|title2=Labour Party
(UK)|Leader of the Labour
Party|years1=1976–1979|years2=1976–198
0
succession box|title=Father of the
House|before=John Parker (British politician)|John
Parker|after=Bernard Braine|years=1983–1987
end box

	Web Quotableonline.com Frasescelebres.org Greatbookscollection.org

The Right Honourable Leonard James Callaghan,
Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, Order of the
Garter|KG, Privy Counsellor|PC (27 March 1912
– 26 March 2005), was British Labour
Party|Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
from 1976 to 1979. He was known by his second
name, James, shortened to Jim, giving his
nicknames "Sunny Jim" or "Big Jim". Callaghan is
the only person to have filled the three great
offices of state (Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Secretary of State for the Home Department|Home
Secretary and Foreign Secretary) before becoming
Prime Minister.

Callaghan was Chancellor of the Exchequer from
1964 to 1967 during a turbulent period in the
British economy in which he had to wrestle with a
balance of payments deficit and speculative
attacks on the pound sterling. In November 1967,
the Government was forced to devalue the pound.
Callaghan offered to resign, but was persuaded to
swap his ministerial post with Roy Jenkins,
becoming Home Secretary from 1967 to 1970. In that
capacity, Callaghan took the decision to deploy
the British Army to Northern Ireland after a
request from the Northern Ireland Government. 

Callaghan returned to office as Secretary of State
for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign
Secretary in March 1974, taking responsibility for
renegotiating the terms of Britain's membership of
the Common Market, and supporting a "Yes" vote in
the 1975 referendum for the UK to remain in the
EEC. When Harold Wilson resigned in 1976,
Callaghan was elected as the new leader by Labour
MPs. His only term as Prime Minister was dogged by
Labour's lack of a majority in the House of
Commons, forcing Callaghan to deal with minor
parties such as the Ulster Unionists, a process
which led to the Lib-Lab Pact. Industrial disputes
in the 'Winter of Discontent' of
1978–1979|79 made Callaghan's government
unpopular and the defeat of the referendum on
devolution to Scotland led to defeat on a Motion
of No Confidence on 28 March 1979. This was
followed by a defeat by Margaret Thatcher's
Conservative Party in the ensuing united Kingdom
general election, 1979|general election.

==Early life and career==
Callaghan was the son of a Royal Navy Chief Petty
Officer of Ireland|Irish ancestry, who died when
Callaghan was aged 9. He was educated at
Portsmouth Northern Grammar School, and left at 16
to work as a clerk for the Inland Revenue. While
working as a Tax Inspector, Callaghan was
instrumental in establishing the Association of
Officers of Taxes as a Trade Union for those in
his profession and became a member of its National
Executive. Following a merger, Callaghan was
appointed as full-time Assistant Secretary of the
Inland Revenue Staff Federation.

This job brought Callaghan into contact with
Harold Laski, the Chair of the Labour Party's
National Executive Committee and a respected
academic at the London School of Economics. Laski
encouraged him to stand for Parliament. Callaghan
joined the Royal Navy Patrol Service in World War
II from 1943, rising to the rank of Lieutenant.
While on leave, Callaghan was selected as a
Parliamentary candidate for Cardiff South, later
Cardiff South East. He won the seat in the United
Kingdom general election, 1945|1945 UK general
election, and would hold a Cardiff-area seat
continuously until 1987.

==Parliamentary career==
Callaghan was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to
the Ministry of Transport in 1947 where his term
saw the introduction of zebra crossings, and an
extension in the use of Cat's eye (road)|cat's
eyes. He moved to be Parliamentary and Financial
Secretary to the Admiralty from 1950 where he was
a delegate to the Council of Europe and resisted
plans for a European army.

Callaghan was popular with Labour MPs and was
elected to the Shadow Cabinet every year while the
Labour Party was in opposition from 1951 to 1964.
He was Parliamentary Adviser to the Police
Federation from 1955 to 1960 when he negotiated an
increase in police pay. He ran for the Deputy
Leadership of the party in 1960 as an opponent of
unilateral nuclear disarmament, and despite the
other candidate of the Labour right (George Brown)
agreeing with him on this policy, he forced Brown
to a second vote.

In 1961 Callaghan became a Shadow Chancellor. When
Hugh Gaitskell died in January 1963, Callaghan ran
to succeed him but came third. He was appointed
Chancellor of the Exchequer when Labour won the
United Kingdom general election, 1964|1964 general
election and had to cope with a balance of
payments deficit and speculative attacks on
Sterling. It was the policy of the whole
government, and one in which Callaghan concurred,
that devaluation should be avoided and he managed
to arrange loans from other central banks and some
tax rises in order to stabilise the economy.

However, the effect of the Six Day War and a dock
strike increased the speculation in November 1967
and the Government was forced to devalue the pound
sterling|pound from US dollar|$2.80 to $2.40 on
November 18. Callaghan offered his resignation
immediately, but Harold Wilson persuaded him to
stay on and he was appointed Home Secretary in a
job swap with Roy Jenkins two weeks later. His
background in the trade union movement led to his
being a focus for opposition to the employment
laws proposed by his cabinet colleague Barbara
Castle in 1969. In this struggle (called The
Battle of Downing Street) he ultimately prevailed,
and the proposals (set out in the White paper In
Place of Strife) were dropped. Some within the
party who disliked Wilson began to plot to
destabilise him and have Callaghan take over at
about this time. Callaghan also took the decision
to deploy United Kingdom troops in Northern
Ireland after a request from the Ulster Unionist
Party|Ulster Unionist Government of Northern
Ireland.

After Wilson's shock defeat by Edward Heath in the
United Kingdom general election, 1970|1970 general
election, Callaghan declined to challenge him for
the leadership despite Wilson's vulnerability.
This did much to rehabilitate him in Wilson's
eyes. He was in charge of drawing up a new policy
statement in 1972 which contained the idea of the
'Social Contract' between the Government and Trade
Unions. He also did much to ensure that Labour
opposed the Heath government's bid to enter the
European Union|Common Market — forcing
Wilson's hand by making his personal opposition
clear without consulting the Party Leader.

When Wilson was again appointed Prime Minister in
March 1974, he appointed Callaghan as Secretary of
State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign
Secretary which gave him responsibility for
renegotiating the terms of Britain's membership of
the Common Market. When the talks concluded,
Callaghan led the Cabinet in declaring the new
terms acceptable and he supported a Yes vote in
the 1975 referendum.

==As Prime Minister==
Wilson announced his surprise resignation on March
16, 1976 and unofficially endorsed Callaghan as
his successor. His popularity with all parts of
the Labour movement saw him through the ballot of
Labour MPs. Callaghan was the first Prime Minister
to have held all three leading Cabinet positions
— Chancellor of the Exchequer, Home
Secretary and Foreign Secretary — prior to
becoming Prime Minister. 

Callaghan's support for and from the union
movement should not be mistaken for a left wing
position: unlike Wilson Callaghan had been a
supporter of Hugh Gaitskell in the battles over
labour's direction in the 1950s and he settled old
scores by sacking the Aneurin Bevan|Bevanite
Barbara Castle when he became party leader.

Callaghan did, though, continue Wilson's policy of
a balanced Cabinet and relied heavily on the man
he defeated for the job of party leader —
the arch-Bevanite Michael Foot. Foot was made
Leader of the House of Commons and given the task
of steering through the government's legislative
programme. As Labour soon lost its majority in a
string of poor by-election results this required
all of Callaghan and Foot's blend of emollience
and steely determination.

His time as Prime Minister was dominated by the
troubles in running a Government with a minority
in the House of Commons. Callaghan was forced to
make deals with minor parties in order to survive,
including the Lib-Lab Pact. He had been forced to
accept referendums on devolution in Scotland and
Wales (the first went in favour but did not reach
the required majority, and the second went heavily
against). However, by the autumn of 1978 most
opinion polls were showing Labour ahead and he was
expected to call an election. His decision not to
has been described as the biggest mistake of his
premiership.


Famously he strung along the opposition and was
expected to make his declaration of election in a
broadcast in early September 1978. His decision to
go on was at the time seen by many as a sign of
his domination of the political scene and he
ridiculed his opponents by impersonating old-time
music hall star Marie Lloyd singing Waiting at the
Church at that month's TUC Congress: now seen as
one of the greatest moments of hubris in modern
British politics but celebrated at the time.
Callaghan intended to convey the message that he
had not promised an election, but most observers
misread his message as an assertion that he would
call an election, and the Conservatives would not
be ready for it.

Callaghan's way of dealing with the long-term
economic difficulties involved pay restraint which
had been operating for four years with reasonable
success. He gambled that a fifth year would
further improve the economy and allow him to be
re-elected in 1979, and so attempted to hold pay
rises to 5% or less. The Trade Unions rejected
continued pay restraint and in a succession of
strikes over the winter of 1978/79 (known as the
Winter of Discontent) secured higher pay. The
industrial unrest made his government extremely
unpopular, and Callaghan's complacent response to
one interview question only made it worse.
Returning to the United Kingdom from an economic
summit held in Guadeloupe in early 1979, Callaghan
was asked:


:"What is your general approach, in view of the
mounting chaos in the country at the moment?"
Callaghan replied:

:"Well, that's a judgment that you are making. I
promise you that if you look at it from outside,
and perhaps you're taking rather a parochial view
at the moment, I don't think that other people in
the world would share the view that there is
mounting chaos."

This reply was reported in The Sun under the
headline:

:Crisis? What Crisis?.

Callaghan was forced to call an election when the
House of Commons passed a Motion of No Confidence
by one vote on March 28, 1979. The Conservatives,
with advertising consultants Saatchi and Saatchi,
ran a campaign on the slogan "Labour isn't
working." As expected, Margaret Thatcher won the
election.

==Late career==

Callaghan resigned as leader of the Labour Party
in September 1980, shortly after the 1980 party
conference had voted for a new system of election
by electoral college involving the individual
members and trade unions. His resignation ensured
that his successor would be elected by MPs only.
In the second round of a campaign that laid bare
the deep internal divisions of the Parliamentary
Labour Party, Michael Foot beat Denis Healey to
succeed Callaghan as leader.

In 1983, Callaghan became Father of the House as
the longest continuously serving member of the
Commons and one of only two survivors of the 1945
general election (Michael Foot was the other but
he had been out of the House from 1955 to 1960).
In 1987 he was made a Knight of the Garter and
stood down at the United Kingdom general election,
1987|1987 general election after forty-two years
as a member of the Commons. Shortly afterwards, he
was elevated to the House of Lords as Baron
Callaghan of Cardiff.

In 1988 Callaghan's wife Audrey Callaghan|Audrey,
a former Chairman (1969-1982) of Great Ormond
Street Hospital, spotted a letter to a newspaper
which pointed out that the copyright of Peter Pan,
which had been assigned by J. M. Barrie to the
hospital, was about to expire. Callaghan moved an
amendment to the Copyright Bill then under
consideration in the Lords to extend it
permanently (which is permissible in the UK), and
this was accepted by the government.

Their daughter Margaret became Baroness Jay of
Paddington and was Leader of the House of Lords
from 1998 to 2001.

On 14 February 2005, he became the longest-lived
British Prime Minister, surpassing Harold
Macmillan, and had the longest life of any British
prime minister when he died at his farm in
Ringmer, East Sussex on 26 March 2005, on the eve
of his 93rd birthday and 11 days after his wife,
Audrey, Lady Callaghan of Cardiff. At the time of
his death Callaghan had lived 92 years 364 days,
exceeding by 42 days the life span of Macmillan.
He was survived by a son and two daughters.

==James Callaghan in popular culture==
James Callaghan was one of the two subjects (with
Prime Minister Harold Wilson) of Flanders and
Swann's humorous song, "There's a Hole in My
Budget," a parody of the popular folk song
"There's a Hole in The Bucket."

==Titles from birth to death==

*James Callaghan, Esq (27 March 1912-1943)
*Lieutenant James Callaghan, RNVR (1943-July 26
1945)
*Lieutenant James Callaghan, MP (July 26 1945-21
October 1964)
*Lieutenant The Right Honourable James Callaghan,
MP (21 October 1964-?)
*The Right Honourable James Callaghan, MP (?-23
April 1987)
*The Right Honourable Sir James Callaghan, KG, MP
(23 April-11 June 1987)
*The Right Honourable Sir James Callaghan, KG (11
June-5 November 1987)
*The Right Honourable The Lord Callaghan of
Cardiff, KG, PC (5 November 1987-26 March 2005)

==See also==
wikinews|Former British Prime Minister James
Callaghan dies aged 92
*Callaghan Ministry

start box
succession box|title=Chancellor of the
Exchequer|before=Reginald Maudling|after=Roy
Jenkins|years=1964–1967
succession box|title=Home Secretary|before=Roy
Jenkins|after=Reginald
Maudling|years=1967–1970
succession box|title=Secretary of State for
Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign
Secretary|before=Alec Douglas-Home|Sir Alec
Douglas-Home|after=Anthony
Crosland|years=1974–1976
succession box one to two|before=Harold
Wilson|after1=Margaret Thatcher|after2=Michael
Foot|title1=Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom|Prime Minister|title2=Labour Party
(UK)|Leader of the Labour
Party|years1=1976–1979|years2=1976–198
0
succession box|title=Father of the
House|before=John Parker (British politician)|John
Parker|after=Bernard Braine|years=1983–1987
end box