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Jeffrey D. Sachs (born November 5, 1954 in
Detroit, Michigan) is an American economist known
for his work as an economic advisor to governments
in Latin America, Eastern Europe, the former
Soviet Union, Asia, and Africa. He proposed Shock
therapy (economics)|shock therapy (though he
himself hates the term) as a solution to the
economic crises of Economy of Bolivia|Bolivia,
Economy of Poland|Poland, and Economy of
Russia|Russia. He is also known for his work with
international agencies on problems of poverty
reduction, debt cancellation, and disease
control—especially AIDS|HIV/AIDS, for the
developing world.

Sachs' research interests include the links of
health and development, economic geography,
globalization, transitions to market economy
|market economies, international financial
markets, international macroeconomic policy
coordination, emerging markets, Development
economics |economic development and growth, global
competitiveness, and macroeconomic policies in
developing and developed countries.

Sachs received his B.A., Latin honors|summa cum
laude, from Harvard University in 1976, and his
M.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard in 1978 and 1980
respectively. 

He joined the Harvard faculty as an Assistant
Professor in 1980, and was promoted to Associate
Professor in 1982 and Full Professor in 1983. In
2002, Sachs was named Director of The Earth
Institute at Columbia University, and Quetelet
Professor of Sustainable Development, and
Professor of Health Policy and Management at
Columbia.  He is also a Special Advisor on the
Millennium Development Goals, United Nations
Secretary General Kofi Annan, and Research
Associate at the NBER|National Bureau of Economic
Research. Previously, Sachs has been an advisor to
the IMF, the World Bank, the OECD, the World
Health Organization, and the United Nations
Development Program.

In his 2005 work, The End of Poverty, Sachs wrote
that "Africa's government is poor because Africa
is poor", reversing the usual assumption.
According to Sachs, with the right policies, mass
destitution - like the 1.1 billion extremely poor
living on less than $1 a day - can be eliminated
within 20 years. China and India serve as
examples; China has lifted 300m people out of
poverty in the last two decades. For Sachs a key
element is raising aid from the $65bn level of
2002 to $195bn a year by 2015. Sachs emphasises
the role of geography, with much of Africa
suffering from being landlocked and disease-prone,
but stresses that these problems once recognised
can be overcome: disease (such as malaria) can be
controlled, and infrastructure created. Without
specifically addressing these issues, political
elites will continue to focus on getting
resource-based wealth out of the country as fast
as possible, and investment and development remain
mirages.

== Publications ==
*Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). The End of Poverty:
Economic Possibilities for Our Time Penguin Press
Hc ISBN 1594200459
*Sachs, Jeffrey (2003). Macroeconomics in the
Global Economy Westview Press ISBN 0631220046
*Sachs, Jeffrey D. (2002). A New Global Effort to
Control Malaria (Science), Vol. 298, October 4,
2002
*Sachs, Jeffrey D. (2002). Resolving the Debt
Crisis of Low-Income Countries (Brookings Papers
on Economic Activity), 2002:1
*Sachs, Jeffrey D. (2001).  The Strategic
Significance of Global Inequality (The Washington
Quarterly), Vol. 24, No. 3, Summer 2001
*Sachs, Jeffrey (1997). Development Economics
Blackwell Publishers ISBN 0813333148
*Sachs, Jeffrey; Pistor, Katharina. (1997). The
Rule of Law and Economic Reform in Russia (John M.
Olin Critical Issues Series (Paper)) Westview
Press ISBN 0813333148
*Sachs, Jeffrey (1994). Poland's Jump to the
Market Economy (Lionel Robbins Lectures) The MIT
Press ISBN 0262691744
*Sachs, Jeffrey (1993). Macroeconomics in the
Global Economy Prentice Hall ISBN 0131022520
*Sachs, Jeffrey (Ed) (1991). Developing Country
Debt and Economic Performance, Volume 1 : The
International Financial System (National Bureau of
Economic Research Project Report) University of
Chicago Press ISBN 0226733327
*Sachs, Jeffrey (1500). Developing Country Debt
and the World Economy (National Bureau of Economic
Research Project Report) University of Chicago
Press ISBN 0226733386
*Bruno, Michael and Sachs, Jeffrey (1984),
"Stagflation in the World Economy" 
expand list

== External links ==
*http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/ The Earth
Institute at Columbia University
*http://www.project-syndicate.org/contributors/con
tributor_comm.php4?id=2 Jeffrey Sachs' syndicated
op/ed column
*http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/
minitextlo/int_jeffreysachs.html Interview on PBS'
Commanding Heights
*http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/ The UN
Millennium Project
*http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ Millennium
Development Goals

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