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John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November
22, 1963), often referred to as Jack Kennedy or
JFK, was the 35th President of the United States
(1961–1963). His assassination on November 22,
1963 was a defining moment of 1960s American
history, as his death was mourned around the
world, and many international leaders walked
behind the casket at his funeral.

The youngest person ever to be elected president
of the U.S. (Theodore Roosevelt being the youngest
ever to serve as president), Kennedy also died the
youngest of any American president—at 46
years and 177 days. He is also the only Roman
Catholic ever to be elected president, the last
Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party
candidate from a Northern state to be elected
president, the first President to serve who was
born in the 20th century, last President elected
who was a U.S. Senator before President, and the
last president to die in office. 

Major events during his presidency included the
Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin
Wall, the Space Race, early events of the Vietnam
War, and the Civil rights|Civil Rights Movement.
He is rated highly in many surveys that rank
presidents, but his political agenda was still
incomplete at his death with most of his civil
rights policies coming to fruition through his
successor, Lyndon B. Johnson.

==Early life and education==
Kennedy was born in Brookline,
Massachusetts|Brookline, Massachusetts, the son of
Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald. As a
young man he attended Choate Rosemary Hall|The
Choate School, an elite private school. Before
enrolling in college, he attended the London
School of Economics for a year, where he studied
political economy. In the fall of 1935, he
enrolled in Princeton University, but was forced
to leave during Christmas break after contracting
jaundice. The next fall, he began attending
Harvard University. Kennedy traveled to Europe
twice during his years at Harvard, visiting the
United Kingdom, while his father was serving as
Ambassador to the Court of St. James's. In 1937,
Kennedy was erroneously prescribed steroids to
control his colitis, which only heightened his
medical problems causing him to develop
osteoporosis of the lower lumbar spine
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?story
Id=1276266.

In 1938, Kennedy wrote his honors thesis on the
British portion of the Munich Agreement. He was an
average student at Harvard, never earning an A,
but mostly B's and C's, with a single D in a
sophomore history course.  He graduated cum laude
from Harvard with a degree in international
affairs in June 1940. His thesis, entitled Why
England Slept, was published in 1940 and, with the
aid of his affluent and powerful father, it became
a best-seller.

==Military service==
In the spring of 1941, Kennedy volunteered for the
United States Army|U.S. Army, but was rejected,
mainly because of his troublesome back. However,
the United States Navy|U.S. Navy accepted him in
September of that year. He participated in various
commands in the Pacific Theater and earned the
rank of lieutenant, commanding a patrol torpedo
boat or PT boat. 


On August 2, 1943, Kennedy's boat, the PT-109, was
taking part in a night-time military raid near New
Georgia (near the Solomon Islands) when it was
rammed by a Japanese destroyer. Kennedy was thrown
across the deck, injuring his already troubled
back. Still, Kennedy somehow towed a wounded man
three miles through the ocean, arriving on an
island where his crew was subsequently rescued.
Kennedy said that he blacked out for periods of
time during the ordeal. For these actions, Kennedy
received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal under the
following citation:

:"For heroism the rescue of 3 men following the
ramming and sinking of his motor torpedo boat
while attempting a torpedo attack on a Japanese
destroyer in the Solomon Islands area on the night
of Aug 1-2, 1943. Lt. KENNEDY, Capt. of the boat,
directed the rescue of the crew and personally
rescued 3 men, one of whom was seriously injured.
During the following 6 days, he succeeded in
getting his crew ashore, and after swimming many
hours attempting to secure aid and food, finally
effected the rescue of the men. His courage,
endurance and excellent leadership contributed to
the saving of several lives and was in keeping
with the highest traditions of the United States
Naval Service."

Kennedy's other decorations of the Second World
War include the Purple Heart, Asiatic-Pacific
Campaign Medal, and the World War II Victory
Medal.  He was honorably discharged in early 1945,
just a few months before the Japanese surrendered.

In May 2002 a National Geographic Society|National
Geographic expedition found what is believed to be
the wreckage of the PT-109 in the Solomon Islands
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/07/07
09_020710_kennedyPT109.html.

==Early political career==
After World War II, Kennedy entered politics
(partly to fill the void of his popular brother,
Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., on whom his family had
pinned many of their hopes but who was killed in
the war). In 1946, United States House of
Representatives|Representative James Michael
Curley vacated his seat in an overwhelmingly
Democratic district to become mayor of Boston,
Massachusetts|Boston and Kennedy ran for that
seat, beating his Republican opponent by a large
margin. He was reelected two times, but had a
mixed voting record, often diverging from
President Harry S. Truman and the rest of the
Democratic Party. 


In U.S. Senate election, 1952|1952, Kennedy ran
for the United States Senate|Senate with the
slogan "Kennedy will do more for Massachusetts."
In an upset victory, he defeated Republican
incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. by a margin of
about 70,000 votes. Kennedy adroitly dodged
criticizing fellow Senator Joseph McCarthy's
controversial campaign to root out Communists and
Soviet spies in the U.S. government, because of
McCarthy's popularity in Massachusetts. McCarthy
was a friend of JFK, JFK's father, dated the
Kennedy sisters, and younger brother Robert F.
Kennedy briefly worked for McCarthy. Although
Kennedy was ill during the 65–22 vote to
censure McCarthy, he was criticized by McCarthy
opponents such as Eleanor Roosevelt who later said
of the episode, "he should have displayed less
profile, and more courage". 

Kennedy married Jacqueline Bouvier on September
12, 1953. He underwent several spinal operations
in the two following years, nearly dying
(receiving the Catholic faith's Anointing of the
Sick|"last rites" four times during his life), and
was often absent from the Senate. During this
period, he published Profiles in Courage,
highlighting eight instances in which U.S.
Senators risked their careers by standing by their
personal beliefs. The book was awarded the 1957
Pulitzer Prize for Biography. 

In 1956, Kennedy campaigned for the Vice President
of the United States|Vice Presidential nomination
at the Democratic National Convention, but
convention delegates selected Tennessee senator
Estes Kefauver instead. However, Kennedy's efforts
helped bolster the young Senator's reputation
within the party.

An example of Kennedy's political suppleness,
prior to the 1960 campaign, was his handling of
the Civil Rights Act of 1957. He voted for final
passage, while earlier voting for the "jury trial
amendment", which rendered the Act toothless. He
was able to say to both sides that he supported
them.

==1960 Presidential election==

In 1960, Kennedy  declared his intent to run for
President of the United States. In the Democratic
primary election, he faced challenges from Senator
Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota, Senator Lyndon B.
Johnson of Texas, and Adlai Stevenson, the
Democratic nominee in 1952 and 1956 who was not
officially running but was a favorite write-in
candidate. Kennedy won key primaries like
Wisconsin and West Virginia and landed the
nomination at the Democratic National Convention
in 1960.

On July 13, 1960 the Democratic Party nominated
Kennedy as its candidate for president. Kennedy
asked Johnson to be his Vice Presidential
candidate, despite clashes between the two during
the primary elections. He needed Johnson's
strength in the South to win the closest election
since 1916. Major issues included how to get the
economy moving again, Kennedy's Catholicism, Cuba,
and whether or not both the Soviet space and
missile programs had surpassed those of the U.S.

In September and October, Kennedy debated
Republican candidate Vice President Richard Nixon
in the first ever televised U.S. presidential
election debates|presidential debates. During the
debates, Nixon looked tense, sweaty, and unshaven
contrasted to Kennedy's composure and
handsomeness, leading many to deem Kennedy the
winner, although historians consider the two
evenly matched as orators. Interestingly, many who
listened on radio thought Nixon more impressive in
the
debate.http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/K/htmlK/k
ennedy-nixon/kennedy-nixon.htm The debates are
considered a political landmark: the point at
which the medium of television played an important
role in politics and looking presentable on camera
became one of the important considerations for
presidential and other political candidates. 

In the general U.S. presidential election,
1960|election on November 8, 1960, Kennedy beat
Nixon in a very close race. There were serious
allegations that vote fraud in Texas and Illinois
had cost Nixon the
presidencyhttp://www.leanleft.com/archives/cat_rev
iews.html. Especially troubling were the unusually
huge margins in Richard Daley's Chicago —
which were announced after the rest of the vote in
Illinois. The only change after the official
recount was a win for Kennedy in Hawaii.

==Presidency==

Kennedy was sworn in as the 35th President on
January 20, 1961. In his inaugural address he
spoke of the need for all Americans to be active
citizens. "Ask not what your country can do for
you, ask what you can do for your country", he
said. He also asked the nations of the world to
join together to fight what he called the "common
enemies of man... tyranny, poverty, disease, and
war itself". 

===Foreign policies===
On April 17, 1961, Kennedy gave orders allowing a
previously-planned invasion of Cuba to proceed.
The operation's official name is in dispute,
however some sources claim it was called Operation
Zapata.  With support from the CIA, in what is
known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion, 1,500
U.S.-trained Cuban exiles, called "Brigade 2506"
returned to the island in the hope of deposing
Castro, but the CIA had overestimated popular
resistance to Castro, made several mistakes in
devising and carrying out the plan, and the exiles
did not rally the Cuban people as expected. By
April 19 Castro's government had killed or
captured most of the exiles and Kennedy was forced
to negotiate for the release for the 1,189
survivors. After 20 months, Cuba released the
exiles in exchange for $53 million worth of food
and medicine. The incident was a major
embarrassment for Kennedy, but he took full
responsibility for the debacle (See Bay of Pigs
Invasion for more information).

On August 13, 1961, the East German government
began construction of the Berlin Wall separating
East Berlin from the Western sector of the city,
due to the American military presence in West
Berlin.  Some claimed this action was in violation
of the "Four Powers" agreements.  Kennedy
initiated no action to have it dismantled, and did
little to reverse or halt the eventual extension
of this barrier to a length of 155 km.

The Cuban Missile Crisis began on October 14, 1962
when American U-2 spy planes took photographs of a
Soviet Union|Soviet intermediate range ballistic
missile site under construction in Cuba. Kennedy
faced a dire dilemma: if the U.S. attacked the
sites it might have led to nuclear war with the
U.S.S.R. If the U.S. did nothing, it would endure
the perpetual threat of nuclear weapons within its
region, in such close proximity, that if launched
pre-emptively, the U.S. may have been unable to
retaliate. Another fear was that the U.S. would
appear to the world as weak in its own hemisphere.
Many military officials and cabinet members
pressed for an air assault on the missile sites
but Kennedy ordered a naval blockade and began
negotiations with the Russians. Instead of
"blockade", the word "quarantine" was chosen to
address the issue, since international law defines
a blockade as an act of war. A week later, he and
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev reached an
agreement. Khrushchev agreed to remove the
missiles if the U.S. would publicly agree never to
invade Cuba, and also secretly agree to remove
U.S. ballistic missiles from Turkey within six
months. Following this incident, which brought the
world closer to nuclear war than at any point
before or since, Kennedy was more cautious in
confronting the Soviet Union. The promise to never
invade Cuba still stood as of 2005.

Arguing that "those who make peaceful revolution
impossible, make violent revolution inevitable",
Kennedy sought to contain communism in Latin
America, by establishing the Alliance for
Progress, which sent aid to troubled countries in
the region and sought greater human rights
standards in the region. He worked closely with
Puerto Rican Governor of Puerto Rico|Governor Luis
Muñoz Marín for the development of the Alliance
of Progress, as well as developments on the
autonomy of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Another example of Kennedy's belief in the ability
of nonmilitary power to improve the world was the
creation of the Peace Corps, one of his first acts
as president. Through this program, which still
exists today, Americans volunteered to help
underdeveloped nations in areas such as education,
farming, health care, and construction.

Kennedy also used limited military action to
contain the spread of communism. Determined to
stand firm against the spread of communism,
Kennedy continued the previous administration's
policy of political, economic, and military
support for the unstable South Vietnam|South
Vietnamese government, which included sending
military advisers and U.S. special forces to the
area. U.S. involvement in the area continually
escalated until regular U.S. forces were directly
fighting the Vietnam War in the next
administration.

On June 26, 1963 Kennedy visited West Berlin and
gave a public speech criticizing communism. While
Kennedy was speaking, on the other side of the
wall were the people of East Berlin who were
applauding Kennedy showing their distaste in
Soviet control. Kennedy used the construction of
the Berlin Wall as an example of the failures of
communism - "Freedom has many difficulties and
democracy is not perfect, but we have never had to
put a wall up to keep our people in." The speech
is known for its famous phrase Ich bin ein
Berliner ("I am a Berliner").

Troubled by the long-term dangers of radioactive
contamination and nuclear weapons proliferation,
Kennedy also pushed for the adoption of a Limited
or Partial Test Ban Treaty, which prohibited
atomic testing on the ground, in the atmosphere,
or underwater, but does not prohibit testing
underground. The United States, the United Kingdom
and the Soviet Union were the initial signatories
to the Treaty. Kennedy signed the Treaty into law
in August 1963, and believed it to be one of the
greatest accomplishments of his administration.

On the occasion of his visit to Ireland in 1963,
President Kennedy joined with Irish President
Eamon de Valera to form The American Irish
Foundation. The mission of this organization was
to foster connections between Americans of Irish
descent and the country of their ancestry. (See
The Ireland Funds)

===Domestic policies===

Kennedy used the term New Frontier as a label for
his domestic program. It ambitiously promised
federal funding for education, medical care for
the elderly, and government intervention to halt
the recession. Kennedy also promised an end to
racial discrimination.

The turbulent end of state-sanctioned racial
discrimination was one of the most pressing
domestic issues of Kennedy's era. The U.S. Supreme
Court had ruled in 1954 that racial segregation in
public schools would no longer be permitted.
However, there were many schools, especially in
southern states, that did not obey this decision.
There also remained the practice of segregation on
buses, in restaurants, movie theaters, and other
public places.

Thousands of Americans of all races and
backgrounds joined together to protest this
discrimination. Kennedy supported racial
integration and civil rights, and called the
jailed Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.'s wife (Coretta
Scott King) during the 1960 campaign, which drew
much black support to his candidacy.  However, as
president, Kennedy initially believed the
grassroots movement for civil rights would only
anger many Southern whites and make it even more
difficult to pass civil rights laws through
Congress, which was dominated by Southern
Democrats, and he distanced himself from it. As a
result, many civil rights leaders viewed Kennedy
as unsupportive of their efforts. 

President Kennedy had to step in in June 1963,
when the Governor of Alabama, George Wallace,
blocked the doorway to the University of Alabama
to stop two black students, Vivian Malone and
James Hood, from enrolling. George Wallace moved
aside after being confronted by federal marshals,
Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, and
the Alabama National Guard.

Also on the domestic front, in 1963 Kennedy
proposed a tax reform that included income tax
cuts, but this was not passed by the Congress
until after his death in 1964. It is one of the
largest tax cuts in modern U.S. history,
surpassing the Reagan tax cut of 1981.

===Support of space programs===

Kennedy was eager for the United States to lead
the way in the space race. The Soviet Union was
ahead of the U.S. in its knowledge of space
exploration and Kennedy was determined that the
U.S. could catch up. He said, "No nation which
expects to be the leader of other nations can
expect to stay behind in this race for space" and
"We choose to go to the Moon and to do the other
things, not because they are easy, but because
they are hard". Kennedy asked Congress to approve
more than twenty two billion dollars for Project
Apollo, which had the goal of landing an American
man on the Moon before the end of the decade. In
1969, six years after Kennedy's death, this goal
was finally realized when Neil Armstrong and Buzz
Aldrin became the first humans to land on the
Moon.

===Cabinet===
{| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4"
style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;"
align="left"
!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"|
|-
|align="left"|OFFICE||align="left"|NAME||align="le
ft"|TERM
|-
!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"|
|-
|align="left"|President of the United
States|President||align="left" |John F.
Kennedy||align="left"|1961–1963
|-
|align="left"|Vice President of the United
States|Vice President||align="left"|Lyndon B.
Johnson||align="left"|1961–1963
|-
!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"|
|-
|align="left"|United States Secretary of
State|State||align="left"|Dean
Rusk||align="left"|1961–1963
|-
|align="left"|United States Secretary of the
Treasury|Treasury||align="left"|C. Douglas
Dillon||align="left"|1961–1963
|-
|align="left"|United States Secretary of
Defense|Defense||align="left"|Robert S.
McNamara||align="left"|1961–1963
|-
|align="left"|Attorney General of the United
States|Justice||align="left"|Robert F.
Kennedy||align="left"|1961–1963
|-
|align="left"|Postmaster General of the United
States|Postmaster General||align="left"|J. Edward
Day||align="left"|1961–1963
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|John A.
Gronouski||align="left"|1963
|-
|align="left"|United States Secretary of the
Interior|Interior||align="left"|Stewart L.
Udall||align="left"|1961–1963
|-
|align="left"|United States Secretary of
Agriculture|Agriculture||align="left"|Orville L.
Freeman||align="left"|1961–1963
|-
|align="left"|United States Secretary of
Commerce|Commerce||align="left"|Luther H.
Hodges||align="left"|1961–1963
|-
|align="left"|United States Secretary of
Labor|Labor||align="left"|Arthur J.
Goldberg||align="left"|1961–1962
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|W. Willard
Wirtz||align="left"|1962–1963
|-
|align="left"|United States Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare|HEW||align="left"|Abraham
A. Ribicoff||align="left"|1961–1962
|-
|align="left"| ||align="left"|Anthony J.
Celebrezze||align="left"|1962–1963
|}




===Supreme Court appointments===
Kennedy appointed the following Justices to the
Supreme Court of the United States:

* Byron Raymond White - 1962
* Arthur Joseph Goldberg - 1962

===Image, social life and family===
see|Kennedy political family

Both Kennedy and his wife "Jackie" were very young
when compared to earlier presidents and first
ladies, and were both extraordinarily popular in
ways more common to pop singers and movie stars
than politicians, influencing fashion trends and
becoming the subjects of numerous photo spreads in
popular magazines.

The Kennedys brought a new life and vigor to the
atmosphere of the White House. They believed that
the White House should be a place to celebrate
American history, culture, and achievement, and
invited artists, writers, scientists, poets,
musicians, actors, Nobel Prize winners and
athletes to visit. Jacqueline Kennedy also
gathered new art and furniture and eventually
restored all the rooms in the White House.

The White House also seemed like a more fun,
youthful place, because of the Kennedys' two young
children, Caroline Kennedy|Caroline and John F.
Kennedy Jr.|John Jr. (who came to be known in the
popular press, erroneously, as "John-John").
Outside the White House Lawn, the Kennedys
established a pre-school, swimming pool, and tree
house.


Behind the glamorous facade, the Kennedys also
suffered many personal tragedies, most notably the
death of their newborn son Patrick Bouvier Kennedy
in August 1963.

Information revealed after Kennedy's death leaves
no doubt that he had many extramarital affairs
while in office, including liaisons in the White
House with some female staff and visitors. In his
era, though, such issues were not considered fit
for publication, and in Kennedy's case, they were
never publicly discussed during his life, even
though there were some public clues of an
involvement with Marilyn Monroe, such as the
manner in which she sang Happy Birthday Mr.
President at his televised birthday party in May
1962. In the years after his death, many liaisons
were revealed, including one with Judith Campbell
Exner, who was simultaneously involved with
Chicago mob boss Sam Giancana.   

The charisma of Kennedy and his family
posthumously led to the figurative designation of
"Camelot (uation)|Camelot" for his administration.

==Assassination and aftermath==

see details|John F. Kennedy assassination
President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas,
Texas, on Friday, November 22, 1963 at 12:30 pm
CST while on a political trip through Texas. Lee
Harvey Oswald was charged at 7:00 pm for killing a
Dallas policeman by "murder with malice", and also
charged at 11:30 pm for the murder of the
president (there being no charge of
"assassination" of a president at that time).
Oswald was fatally shot less than two days later
in the basement of the Dallas police station by
Jack Ruby. Five days after Oswald was killed, the
new president, Lyndon B. Johnson, created the
Warren Commission, chaired by Chief Justice Earl
Warren, to investigate the assassination. The
Warren Commission, as well the House Select
Committee on Assassinations in the 1970s,
concluded that Oswald was the assassin.  However,
critics contend that Oswald did not act alone or
was not involved at all and was framed and have
proposed a number of conspiracy theories which
contradict the government's official account.

==Legacy and memorials==

Television became the primary source by which
people kept informed of events surrounding
Kennedy's assassination, with newspapers the
following day becoming more souveneirs than
sources of updated information.  U.S. networks
switched to 24 hour news coverage for the first
time ever. Kennedy's funeral and the murder of Lee
Harvey Oswald were all broadcast live in America
and in other places around the world. It was with
this event that television matured as a news
source rivalling that of newspapers.


On March 14, 1967 Kennedy's body was moved to a
permanent burial place and memorial at Arlington
National Cemetery. U.N. Ambassador Adlai Stevenson
said of the assassination that "all of us...will
bear the grief of his death until the day of
ours." Kennedy is buried with his wife and their
deceased children, and his brother Robert is also
buried nearby. His grave is marked with an John F.
Kennedy Eternal Flame|"Eternal Flame".

Despite his relatively short term in office, and a
lack of major legislative changes during his term,
Kennedy is seen as one of America's greatest
Presidents. 

Kennedy's legacy has been memoralized in various
aspects of American culture. New York Idlewild
International Airport was renamed John F. Kennedy
International Airport on December 24, 1963 to
honor his memory, and the USS John F. Kennedy
(CV-67)|USS John F. Kennedy was awarded on April
30, 1964 as a United States Navy|U.S. Navy
aircraft carrier. The John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Library opened in 1979 as Kennedy's official
presidential library. John F. Kennedy University
opened in Pleasant Hill, California in 1964 as a
school for adult education. 

Posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of
Freedom in 1963.

As an honorary commemoration, Kennedy's portrait
now appears on the United States half dollar coin.

==Criticism==
Kennedy is among the most popular former
Presidents of the United States; however, a number
of critics argue that his reputation is largely
undeserved. While he was young and charismatic, he
had little chance to achieve much during his
presidency. Under this reasoning, his immense
popularity results from the fact that his short
time in office was marked by the optimistic
beginnings of many programs declared to be of
great benefit to the United States, its people,
and various global issues. Unlike the tenures of
other U.S. presidents, Kennedy's time in office,
generally speaking, thereby lacked the scandals
and controversies seen in the terms of many other
presidents who served longer. The Civil Rights Act
of 1964|Civil Rights Act which he sent to Congress
in 1963 was, at least in part, conceived by his
brother and Attorney-General Robert F. Kennedy,
and largely implemented by his successor, Lyndon
Johnson, in 1964.

Kennedy's personal life has attracted the ire of
critics, some of whom argue that lapses in
judgment in his personal life impacted his
professional life. Many of these criticisms stem
from revelations about the extent to which the
Kennedy family went to hide his serious,
potentially life-threatening health issues (e.g.,
he suffered from Addison disease) from the voting
public, his heavy medication regimen, his long
history of extra-marital dalliances, and alleged,
circuitous links to organized crime figures.
Seymour Hersh's Dark Side of Camelot (1998)
presents such a critical argument. Robert Dallek's
An Unfinished Life (2003) is a more balanced
biography, but contains much detail on Kennedy's
health issues.

Another of Kennedy's critics is U.S. intellectual
Noam Chomsky, whose book Rethinking Camelot: JFK,
the Vietnam War, and US Political Culture (1993)
presents an image of the Kennedy administration
opposite to the one that lingers in mainstream
memory. The book is a criticism of policy rather
than his personal life, and explores information
not usually presented about the 35th president. In
particular, Chomsky and many other critics
highlight the ill-planned increased U.S.
involvement in the Vietnam War|Vietnam conflict
under Kennedy's tenure.

==Media==
multi-video start
multi-video item |
  filename      = Kennedy inauguration footage.ogg
|
  title         = Kennedy inauguration footage |
  description   = Newsreel footage of the
inauguration ceremony and speeches. (18.7
Megabyte|MB, ogg/Theora format). |
  format        = Theora

multi-video end

==See also==
Wikiquote
Wikisource author
* John F. Kennedy assassination
* Kennedy Compound
* John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
* John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library in Boston,
Massachusetts
* Kennedy political family|Kennedy family
* U.S. presidential election, 1960
* History of the United States (1945-1964)|History
of the United States (1945–1964)
* Peace Corps
* John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame
* Runnymede|John F. Kennedy Memorial at Runnymede,
England
* Kennedy Memorial Trust 
* Whiz Kids
* Evelyn Lincoln, personal secretary to the
President
* Kennedy Doctrine
* Lincoln/Kennedy Coincidences

==References==
*http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jk35
.html Whitehouse biography
*http://www.jfklibrary.org/ John F. Kennedy
Library
*Book reference | Author=Dallek, Robert | Title=An
Unfinished Life : John F. Kennedy, 1917 - 1963 |
Publisher=Brown, Little | Year=2003 | ID=ISBN
0316172383
*Book reference | Author=Schlesinger, Arthur M. |
Title=A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the
White House | Publisher=Mariner Books | Year=2002
| ID=ISBN 0618219277

==External links==
*http://vvl.lib.msu.edu/showfindingaid.cfm?findaid
id=KennedyJF Audio clips of Kennedy's speeches and
other commentary related to him
*http://www.usa-presidents.info/kennedy.htm
Biography of John F. Kennedy
*http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/
kennedy.htm Inaugural Address
*http://www.doctorzebra.com/prez/g35.htm Medical
History
*http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKindex.htm
Assassination of President Kennedy Encyclopaedia
*http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/kennedy-1.ht
ml First State of the Union Address of JFK
*http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/kennedy-2.ht
ml Second State of the Union Address of JFK
*http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/kennedy-3.ht
ml Third State of the Union Address of JFK
*http://www.american.edu/media/speeches/Kennedy.ht
m American University Address
*http://www.americanpresidents.org/survey/
American Presidents: Life Portraits
*http://ivan_corea.tripod.com/radioceylon_jfkenned
y Radio Ceylon mourns the death of President John
F.Kennedy

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succession box|title=US Congressional Delegations
from Massachusetts|U.S. Representative for
Massachusetts' 11th Congressional
District|before=James Michael Curley|after=Thomas
P. O'Neill, Jr.|years=1947-1953
succession box|title=List of United States
Senators from Massachusetts|U.S. Senator (Class 1)
from Massachusetts|before=Henry Cabot Lodge,
Jr.|after=Benjamin A. Smith|years=1953-1960
succession box|title=United States Democratic
Party|Democratic Party President of the United
States|Presidential :