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Orson Hyde (January 8, 1805 – November 28,
1878) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint
movement and an original member of the Quorum of
Twelve Apostles. He was born in Oxford,
Connecticut.  He was raised in nearby Derby,
Connecticut, under the care of Nathan Wheeler.  In
1819, when he was just 14 years of age, he walked
from Connecticut to Kirtland, Ohio to care for a
piece of property Wheeler had purchased.  While
employed as a retail clerk in Kirtland, Hyde
became involved with the Reformed Baptist Society,
also called Campbellites, through the preaching of
Sidney Rigdon.  

=== Church membership and service ===

When Oliver Cowdery and other LDS missionaries
preached in Kirtland in late 1830, Hyde spoke
publicly against the "Mormon Bible."  However,
when his former minister, Sidney Rigdon joined the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Hyde
investigated the claims of the missionaries, and
was baptized by Rigdon on October 30, 1831.  He
was called on a succession of missions for the
church, serving with Hyrum Smith, Samuel Smith,
and John Gould.  He marched with Zion's Camp in
1834.  Hyde was ordained an apostle on February
15, 1835 as one of the original twelve. He was
fifth in seniority.  A apostalic mission with
Heber C. Kimball to Great Britain in 1837 to 1838
was successful in bringing thousands of converts
to the faith.  

Upon returning from Britain, during a period of
persecution and internal dissention, Hyde wrote
that he felt God was no longer with the church. 
He left the church in October 19, 1838 with Thomas
B. Marsh.  Marsh explained the reasons for their
dissent in an affidavit which he and Hyde signed
on October 24, 1838 in Richmond, Missouri.  These
included their contention that the Mormons had
organized into a company known as the
Danite|Danites, "who have taken an oath to support
the heads of the church in all things that they
say or do, whether right or wrong" and that Mormon
and Danite vigilantes had burned and looted
non-Mormon settlements in Daviess County,
Missouri|Daviess County (Document, p. 57).  Marsh
and Hyde also claimed that Joseph Smith planned to
"to take the State, & he professes to his people
to intend taking the U.S. & ultimately the whole
world."  

The testimony of Marsh and Hyde added to the panic
in northwestern Missouri and contributed to
subsequent events in the Mormon War.  Because a
Mormon attack was believed imminent, a unit of the
state militia from Ray County, Missouri|Ray County
was dispatched to patrol the border between Ray
and Mormon Caldwell County, Missouri|Caldwell
County to the north.  On October 25, 1838, reports
reached Mormons in Far West, Missouri|Far West
that this state militia unit was a "mob" and had
kidnapped several Mormons.  The Mormons formed an
armed rescue party and attacked the militia in
what became known as the Battle of Crooked River. 
Although only non-Mormon was killed on the
Missourian side, initial reports held that half
the unit had been wiped out.  The Mormons suffered
more casualties:  Gideon Carter died in the battle
and David W. Patten and Patrick Obanion died from
wounds they received in the battle (Baugh, p.
106).  This attack on the state militia, coupled
with the earlier expulsion of non-Mormons from
Daviess County led Missouri's governor to respond
with force.  On the 27th of October he called out
2,500 state militia to put down what he perceived
as a Mormon rebellion and signed what became known
as the "Extermination Order" (Baugh, pp.
108–09).

Because of he had signed the Richmond affidavit
with Marsh, Hyde was disfellowshipped
(disciplined, but not removed from membership) in
1838.  On May 4, 1839, a Church conference in
Quincy, Ohio voted to remove Orson Hyde and
William Smith (Mormonism)|William Smith from the
work of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.  The
leadership of the church invited the two to
explain their actions.  On June 27, Hyde returned
to the church and publicly explained himself,
asking to be restored. The fall conference,
October 6 to 8, 1839, voted to restore both Hyde
and William Smith as apostles.

Orson Hyde left church activity, and thus the
quorum, on October 19, 1838.  When dealing with
seniority in the council after the death of Joseph
Smith, Brigham Young ruled that, if a council
member had been disciplined and removed from the
council, his seniority was based on the date of
readmission. By this ruling, in June of 1875, both
Hyde and Apostle Orson Pratt were moved down in
council seniority.  So, when Hyde repented in
1839, he effectively joined the quorum as a new
member.  As a result of this ruling, John Taylor
(1808-1887)|John Taylor rather than Orson Hyde
succeeded Brigham Young as President of the
Church.  

One of Hyde's most significant missions was a call
to preach in Jerusalem. From April 1841 to
December 1842, he proselyted in Palestine. On
October 24, 1841 on the Mount of Olives, Orson
Hyde dedicated Palestine for the gathering of the
Jews.  He traveled home through Europe, stopping
in Germany to produce the first LDS pamphlets in
that language.    

After the death of Joseph Smith, when the majority
of the LDS people left Nauvoo for the Iowa
Territory, Hyde was asked to stay behind and
oversee the completion and dedication of the
Nauvoo Temple in 1846.  Hyde returned to England
to preside over the British mission from 1846 to
1847.  Orson Hyde was then placed in charge of the
Camps of Israel in the Midwest in 1848.  He
remained in Council Bluffs, Iowa until 1852.  
During the settlement of Utah, Brigham Young
called Hyde to lead settlement groups to Carson
Valley, Nevada and the Sanpete-Sevier District in
Utah. 

Orson Hyde married Nancy Mirinda Johnson, in
Kirtland, Ohio, on September 4, 1834.  He
practiced plural marriage and had eight additional
wives. He fathered 32 children.  He passed away on
November 28, 1878, and was succeeded in the
apostleship by Moses Thatcher.

== Reference ==

*Allen, James B. and Leonard, Glen M.  The Story
of the Latter-day Saints.  Deseret Book Co., Salt
Lake City, UT, 1976.  ISBN 0-87747-594-6.
*Baugh, Alexander L. , A Call to Arms: The 1838
Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri, BYU Studies,
2000.
*Document Containing the Correspondence, Orders
&c. in Relation to the Disturbances with the
Mormons; And the Evidence Given Before the Hon.
Austin A. King, Judge of the Fifth Judicial
Circuit of the State of Missouri, at the
Court-House in Richmond, in a Criminal Court of
Inquiry, Begun November 12, 1838, on the Trial of
Joseph Smith, Jr., and Others, for High Treason
and Other Crimes Against the State.  Fayette,
Missouri, 1841,
http://www.farwesthistory.com/docc01.htm complete
text.
*Ludlow, Daniel H.,  A Companion to Your Study of
the Doctrine and Covenants, Deseret Book Co., Salt
Lake City, UT, 1978.  ISBN 1-57345-224-6.
*Ludlow, Daniel H., Editor.  Church History,
Selections From the Encyclopedia of Mormonism.  
Deseret Book Co., Salt Lake City, UT, 1992.  ISBN
0-87579-924-8. 


start box
succession box |
  title= President of the Quorum of the Twelve
Apostles |
  years= December 27, 1847–June 1875 |
  before= Brigham Young |
  after= John Taylor (1808-1887)|John Taylor

series box |
 title= Quorum of the Twelve Apostles |
 years= February 15, 1835–May 4, 1839 |
 before=Heber C. Kimball |
 after= William E. McLellin |

series box |
 title= Quorum of the Twelve Apostles |
 years= October 6, 1839–November 28, 1878 |
 before=George Albert Smith (1817-1875)|George
Albert Smith |
 after= William Smith (Mormonism)|William Smith |

end box

==External links==
http://personal.atl.bellsouth.net/w/o/wol3/hydeo1.
htm Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages

	Web Quotableonline.com Frasescelebres.org Greatbookscollection.org

Orson Hyde (January 8, 1805 – November 28,
1878) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint
movement and an original member of the Quorum of
Twelve Apostles. He was born in Oxford,
Connecticut.  He was raised in nearby Derby,
Connecticut, under the care of Nathan Wheeler.  In
1819, when he was just 14 years of age, he walked
from Connecticut to Kirtland, Ohio to care for a
piece of property Wheeler had purchased.  While
employed as a retail clerk in Kirtland, Hyde
became involved with the Reformed Baptist Society,
also called Campbellites, through the preaching of
Sidney Rigdon.  

=== Church membership and service ===

When Oliver Cowdery and other LDS missionaries
preached in Kirtland in late 1830, Hyde spoke
publicly against the "Mormon Bible."  However,
when his former minister, Sidney Rigdon joined the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Hyde
investigated the claims of the missionaries, and
was baptized by Rigdon on October 30, 1831.  He
was called on a succession of missions for the
church, serving with Hyrum Smith, Samuel Smith,
and John Gould.  He marched with Zion's Camp in
1834.  Hyde was ordained an apostle on February
15, 1835 as one of the original twelve. He was
fifth in seniority.  A apostalic mission with
Heber C. Kimball to Great Britain in 1837 to 1838
was successful in bringing thousands of converts
to the faith.  

Upon returning from Britain, during a period of
persecution and internal dissention, Hyde wrote
that he felt God was no longer with the church. 
He left the church in October 19, 1838 with Thomas
B. Marsh.  Marsh explained the reasons for their
dissent in an affidavit which he and Hyde signed
on October 24, 1838 in Richmond, Missouri.  These
included their contention that the Mormons had
organized into a company known as the
Danite|Danites, "who have taken an oath to support
the heads of the church in all things that they
say or do, whether right or wrong" and that Mormon
and Danite vigilantes had burned and looted
non-Mormon settlements in Daviess County,
Missouri|Daviess County (Document, p. 57).  Marsh
and Hyde also claimed that Joseph Smith planned to
"to take the State, & he professes to his people
to intend taking the U.S. & ultimately the whole
world."  

The testimony of Marsh and Hyde added to the panic
in northwestern Missouri and contributed to
subsequent events in the Mormon War.  Because a
Mormon attack was believed imminent, a unit of the
state militia from Ray County, Missouri|Ray County
was dispatched to patrol the border between Ray
and Mormon Caldwell County, Missouri|Caldwell
County to the north.  On October 25, 1838, reports
reached Mormons in Far West, Missouri|Far West
that this state militia unit was a "mob" and had
kidnapped several Mormons.  The Mormons formed an
armed rescue party and attacked the militia in
what became known as the Battle of Crooked River. 
Although only non-Mormon was killed on the
Missourian side, initial reports held that half
the unit had been wiped out.  The Mormons suffered
more casualties:  Gideon Carter died in the battle
and David W. Patten and Patrick Obanion died from
wounds they received in the battle (Baugh, p.
106).  This attack on the state militia, coupled
with the earlier expulsion of non-Mormons from
Daviess County led Missouri's governor to respond
with force.  On the 27th of October he called out
2,500 state militia to put down what he perceived
as a Mormon rebellion and signed what became known
as the "Extermination Order" (Baugh, pp.
108–09).

Because of he had signed the Richmond affidavit
with Marsh, Hyde was disfellowshipped
(disciplined, but not removed from membership) in
1838.  On May 4, 1839, a Church conference in
Quincy, Ohio voted to remove Orson Hyde and
William Smith (Mormonism)|William Smith from the
work of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.  The
leadership of the church invited the two to
explain their actions.  On June 27, Hyde returned
to the church and publicly explained himself,
asking to be restored. The fall conference,
October 6 to 8, 1839, voted to restore both Hyde
and William Smith as apostles.

Orson Hyde left church activity, and thus the
quorum, on October 19, 1838.  When dealing with
seniority in the council after the death of Joseph
Smith, Brigham Young ruled that, if a council
member had been disciplined and removed from the
council, his seniority was based on the date of
readmission. By this ruling, in June of 1875, both
Hyde and Apostle Orson Pratt were moved down in
council seniority.  So, when Hyde repented in
1839, he effectively joined the quorum as a new
member.  As a result of this ruling, John Taylor
(1808-1887)|John Taylor rather than Orson Hyde
succeeded Brigham Young as President of the
Church.  

One of Hyde's most significant missions was a call
to preach in Jerusalem. From April 1841 to
December 1842, he proselyted in Palestine. On
October 24, 1841 on the Mount of Olives, Orson
Hyde dedicated Palestine for the gathering of the
Jews.  He traveled home through Europe, stopping
in Germany to produce the first LDS pamphlets in
that language.    

After the death of Joseph Smith, when the majority
of the LDS people left Nauvoo for the Iowa
Territory, Hyde was asked to stay behind and
oversee the completion and dedication of the
Nauvoo Temple in 1846.  Hyde returned to England
to preside over the British mission from 1846 to
1847.  Orson Hyde was then placed in charge of the
Camps of Israel in the Midwest in 1848.  He
remained in Council Bluffs, Iowa until 1852.  
During the settlement of Utah, Brigham Young
called Hyde to lead settlement groups to Carson
Valley, Nevada and the Sanpete-Sevier District in
Utah. 

Orson Hyde married Nancy Mirinda Johnson, in
Kirtland, Ohio, on September 4, 1834.  He
practiced plural marriage and had eight additional
wives. He fathered 32 children.  He passed away on
November 28, 1878, and was succeeded in the
apostleship by Moses Thatcher.

== Reference ==

*Allen, James B. and Leonard, Glen M.  The Story
of the Latter-day Saints.  Deseret Book Co., Salt
Lake City, UT, 1976.  ISBN 0-87747-594-6.
*Baugh, Alexander L. , A Call to Arms: The 1838
Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri, BYU Studies,
2000.
*Document Containing the Correspondence, Orders
&c. in Relation to the Disturbances with the
Mormons; And the Evidence Given Before the Hon.
Austin A. King, Judge of the Fifth Judicial
Circuit of the State of Missouri, at the
Court-House in Richmond, in a Criminal Court of
Inquiry, Begun November 12, 1838, on the Trial of
Joseph Smith, Jr., and Others, for High Treason
and Other Crimes Against the State.  Fayette,
Missouri, 1841,
http://www.farwesthistory.com/docc01.htm complete
text.
*Ludlow, Daniel H.,  A Companion to Your Study of
the Doctrine and Covenants, Deseret Book Co., Salt
Lake City, UT, 1978.  ISBN 1-57345-224-6.
*Ludlow, Daniel H., Editor.  Church History,
Selections From the Encyclopedia of Mormonism.  
Deseret Book Co., Salt Lake City, UT, 1992.  ISBN
0-87579-924-8. 


start box
succession box |
  title= President of the Quorum of the Twelve
Apostles |
  years= December 27, 1847–June 1875 |
  before= Brigham Young |
  after= John Taylor (1808-1887)|John Taylor

series box |
 title= Quorum of the Twelve Apostles |
 years= February 15, 1835–May 4, 1839 |
 before=Heber C. Kimball |
 after= William E. McLellin |

series box |
 title= Quorum of the Twelve Apostles |
 years= October 6, 1839–November 28, 1878 |
 before=George Albert Smith (1817-1875)|George
Albert Smith |
 after= William Smith (Mormonism)|William Smith |

end box

==External links==
http://personal.atl.bellsouth.net/w/o/wol3/hydeo1.
htm Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages