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Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an
United States|American economics|economist who has
written several books and since 2000 has written a
twice-weekly column for The New York Times. He
currently teaches at Princeton University.

Krugman is probably best known to the public as an
outspoken critic of the economic and general
policies of the administration of George W. Bush,
views he presents in his column for the Times
op-ed page.  Unlike many economic pundits, Krugman
is also regarded as an important scholarly
contributor by his peers.  Krugman has written
over 200 articles and twenty
http://www.nytimes.com/ref/opinion/KRUGMAN-BIO.htm
l books — some of them academic, and some of
them written for the layperson. His International
Economics: Theory and Policy is a standard
textbook on international economics. In 1991 he
was awarded the prestigious John Bates Clark Medal
by the American Economic Association.

==Biography==

Krugman was born and grew up on Long Island, and
majored in history as an undergraduate at Yale
University. He obtained a Ph.D. from Massachusetts
Institute of Technology|MIT in 1977 and taught at
Yale, MIT and Stanford University before joining
the faculty of Princeton University, where he has
been since 1996. From 1982 to 1983, he spent a
year working at the Ronald Reagan|Reagan White
House as a member of the Council of Economic
Advisers.

When Bill Clinton came into office in 1992, it was
expected that Krugman would be given a leading
post, but he was passed over for various reasons.
However, this allowed him to turn to writing
journalism for wider audiences, first for Fortune
(magazine)|Fortune and Slate (magazine)|Slate,
later for The Harvard Business Review, Foreign
Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy, The Economist,
Harper's Magazine|Harper's, and Washington
Monthly.  In the early-1990's, he argued that the
growth of economies in East Asia were not the
result of new and original economic models, but
rather increased capital and labor inputs, which
did not result in an increase in total factors
productivity.  His prediction was that future
economic growth in East Asia would slow as it
became more difficult to generate economic growth
from increasing inputs.

In his own words, he became adept at "new kind of
writing ... essays for non-economists that were
clear, effective, and entertaining." Krugman had
been mentioned as a possible contender for a top
economic policy post if John Kerry won the
presidency in November, 2004.

Krugman worked on an advisory board for Enron
throughout most of 1999 before resigning to take a
job as a columnist.  This became a source of
controversy when the story of the Enron scandal
broke, with critics accusing him of having a
conflict of interest and the job of having been a
bribe to control media coverage, charges he
vehemently denies.  He also notes that he
disclosed the past Enron relationship when he
later wrote about the company
http://www.wws.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/enron.html.

Since January 2000, he has contributed a
twice-weekly column to the Opinion/Editorial page
of the New York Times, which has made him, in the
words of the Washington Monthly, "the most
important political columnist in America... he is
almost alone in analyzing the most important story
in politics in recent years — the seamless
melding of corporate, class, and political party
interests at which the Bush administration
excels."

In September, 2003, Krugman published a collection
of his columns under the title, The Great
Unraveling. It was a scathing attack on the Bush's
administration's economic and foreign policies. 
His main argument was that the large deficits by
that Bush administration in response to both
decreasing taxes, maintaining public spending, and
fighting a war in Iraq were in the long run
unsustainable, and would eventually generate a
major economic crisis. The book was an immediate
bestseller. Krugman combines a strong respect for
the free market with a populist streak. 

Krugman's high profile and his willingness to
address controversial subjects have turned him
into a target of heavy criticism, and sometimes
even personal attacks, by his detractors, as well
as praise from a growing body of fans.  National
Review Online columnist Donald Luskin in
particular has been a noted critic of Krugman, and
is the leader of the "Krugman Truth Squad"
http://www.poorandstupid.com/chronicle.asp, a
group of commentators dedicated to debunking
Krugman's perceived deceptions.

Other well-known critics of Krugman are Lawrence
Kudlow and James Cramer of CNBC, who have
criticized Krugman for his views against
supply-side economics. On his TV program Mad
Money, Cramer also voodooed Krugman as a
"bobblehead doll|bubble head" by bursting a
helium-inflated bubble marked "KRUGMAN", for
complaining about a possible "housing bubble
(economics)|bubble". Kudlow (who, like Donald
Luskin, also works for National Review Online), on
his side, has debated Krugman on the former CNBC
TV show Kudlow & Cramer and on the last episode of
Dylan Ratigan's Bullseye (CNBC)|Bullseye on March
11, 2005, and has frequently criticized him on his
program Kudlow & Company. Also on CNBC on August
7, 2004 on Tim Russert's eponymous program, Bill
O'Reilly (commentator)|Bill O'Reilly confronted
Krugman in a heated discussion, calling Krugman a
"quasi-socialist". Krugman replied "And you take a
look at anything I've written about economics, and
I'm not a socialist. You know, that's a slander." 
When O'Reilly responded "I said quasi", Krugman
retorted "Well, that's a wonderful, then you're a
quasi-murderer...quasi is a pretty open thing."
http://pkarchive.org/economy/TimRussert080704.html

In the 1990s, Krugman's focus was on what can be
described as policy economics, which he attempted
to explain to the general audience in such works
as Peddling Prosperity and columns attacking what
he described as "policy entrepreneurs" who were
focused single-mindedly on particular solutions,
which they proposed as solving every conceivable
crisis. 

Krugman was the main architect of the zero
interest rate policy.

Krugman's economic philosophy can best be
described as Neo-Keynesian
Economics|neo-Keynesian.

==Quotations==

*When asked to define the economic policy of the
Bush administration: "There is no economic policy.
That's really important to say. The general modus
operandi of the Bushies is that they don't make
policies to deal with problems. They use problems
to justify things they wanted to do anyway. So
there is no policy to deal with the lack of jobs.
There really isn't even a policy to deal with
terrorism. It's all about how can we spin what's
happening out there to do what we want to do."
– BuzzFlash interview, 11 September 2003
http://www.buzzflash.com/interviews/03/09/11_krugm
an.html

*"The media are desperately afraid of being
accused of bias. And that's partly because there's
a whole machine out there, an organized attempt to
accuse them of bias whenever they say anything
that the Right doesn't like. So rather than really
try to report things objectively, they settle for
being even-handed, which is not the same thing.
One of my lines in a column -- in which a number
of people thought I was insulting them personally
-- was that if Bush said the Earth was flat, the
mainstream media would have stories with the
headline: 'Shape of Earth--Views Differ.' Then
they'd quote some Democrats saying that it was
round."
http://www.facsnet.org/tools/tweaks/tweaks3.html

*"I predict that in the years ahead Enron, not
Sept. 11, will come to be seen as the greater
turning point in U.S. society." – Krugman
Op-Ed piece in the New York Times titled "The
Great Divide" published 29 January 2002
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70
D13FE385E0C7A8EDDA80894DA404482

==Bibliography==
===Authored or co-authored===
*http://www.worthpublishers.com/krugmanwellsnew/ma
in.htm Economics (not yet published)
*Microeconomics and Student Cdr (not yet released)
(ISBN 0716767007)
*Microeconomics and Study Guide (not yet released,
November 2004) (ISBN 071676699X)
*Krugman Wall Street Journal Sub Card (not yet
released, November 2004) {ISBN 0716766973}
*Microeconomics (March 2004) (ISBN 0716759977)
*The Great Unraveling: Losing Our Way in the New
Century (September 2003) (ISBN 0393058506)
**A book of his New York Times columns, many of
them dealing with Bush economic policies, some
dealing with the economy in general.
*International Economics: Theory and Policy (6th
Edition) (26 July 2002) (ISBN 0201770377) 
*The New Trade Agenda (Foreign Affairs Editors'
Choice) (December 2001)  (ISBN 0876093020)
*Fuzzy Math: The Essential Guide to the Bush Tax
Plan (4 May 2001) (ISBN 0393050629)
*The Spatial Economy - Cities, Regions and
International Trade (with Masahisa Fujita, Anthony
Venables)(July 1999, MIT press)(ISBN
0-262-06204-6)
*The Return of Depression Economics (1 May 1999)
(ISBN 039304839X)
**In this work Krugman considers the long economic
stagnation of Japan through the 1990s, the Asian
financial crisis, and problems in Latin America,
and concludes that the generally accepted idea
among economists that depressions can be prevented
is no longer true.
*The Accidental Theorist and Other Dispatches from
the Dismal Science (1 May 1998) (ISBN 0393046389)
**A collection of Krugman's articles for various
publications regarding the economy.
*International Economics (March 1998) (ISBN
0673521869)
*The Age of Diminished Expectations, Third Edition
(8 August 1997) (ISBN 0262112248)
*Competitiveness (1 January 1997)
*Pop Internationalism (1 March 1996) (ISBN
0262112108)
*Self Organizing Economy (1 February 1996) (ISBN
087609177X)
*Emu and the Regions (December 1995) (ISBN
1567080383)
*Development, Geography, and Economic Theory
(Ohlin Lectures) (15 September 1995) (ISBN
0262112035)
*Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense
in an Age of Diminished Expectations (1 April
1995) (ISBN 0393312925)
**A book for those seeking to understand the
history of economic thought from the time of the
first rumblings of revolt against Keynesianism to
the present.  Written for the economics layman. 
Somewhat dense, but worthwhile in the opinion of
some.
*Foreign Direct Investment in the United States
(3rd Edition) (1 February 1995) (ISBN 0881322040)
*World Savings Shortage (1 September 1994) (ISBN
0881321613)
*What Do We Need to Know About the International
Monetary System? (Essays in International Finance,
No 190 July 1993) (1 June 1993) (ISBN 0881650978)
*Currencies and Crises (11 June 1992) (ISBN
0262111659)
*Geography and Trade (Gaston Eyskens Lecture
Series) (August 1991) (ISBN 0262111594)
*The Risks Facing the World Economy (July 1991)
(ISBN 1567080731)
*Has the Adjustment Process Worked? (Policy
Analyses in International Economics, 34) (1 June
1991) (ISBN 0881321168)
*Rethinking International Trade (1 April 1990)
(ISBN 0262111489)
*Trade Policy and Market Structure (30 March 1989)
(ISBN 0262081822)
*Exchange-Rate Instability (Lionel Robbins
Lectures) (2 November 1988) (ISBN 0262111403)
*Adjustment in the World Economy (August 1987)
(ISBN 1567080235)
*Strategic Trade Policy and the New International
Economics (January 1986) (ISBN 0262111128)
*Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing
Returns, Imperfect Competition, and the
International Economy (1 May 1985) (ISBN
0262081504)

===Edited or co-edited===
*Currency Crises (National Bureau of Economic
Research Conference Report) (1 September 2000)
(ISBN 0226454622)
*Trade with Japan : Has the Door Opened Wider?
(National Bureau of Economic Research Project
Report) (1 March 1995) (ISBN 0226454592/)
*Empirical Studies of Strategic Trade Policy
(National Bureau of Economic Research Project
Report) (15 April 1994) (ISBN 0226454606)
*Exchange Rate Targets and Currency Bands (October
1991) (ISBN 0521415330)

==External links==
*
http://nytimes.com/top/opinion/editorialsandoped/o
ped/columnists/paulkrugman/ New York Times Paul
Krugman columns with free access to the latest two
* http://www.pkarchive.org/ The Unofficial Paul
Krugman Archive contains most if not every article
ever written by Paul Krugman.
* http://www.wws.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/ Paul
Krugman (Princeton) which hasn't been updated
since late 2003.
* http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/ Paul Krugman
(MIT) archives of his Slate and Fortune columns
plus other writings 1996-2000
*
http://www.truthunvarnished.com/accidentaltheorist
/ The Accidental Theorist online version of his
book of essays
*
http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/
us53711/us53713/us4985494/us554705/ Looksmart -
Paul Krugman directory category
*http://dmoz.org/Science/Social_Sciences/Economics
/People/Krugman,_Paul/ Open Directory Project -
Paul Krugman directory category
*
http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id
=2208841 The Economist - The one-handed economist
Paul Krugman and the controversial art of
popularising economics, 13 November 2003
*
http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/021
2.confessore.html Washington Monthly profile from
December 2002.